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→Types of Mutations
Gain-of-function mutations create a new allele that is associated with a new function. Any heterozygote containing the new allele along with the original wild type allele will express the new allele. Genetically this will define the mutation as a dominant. A primary example of this is the sickle hemoglobin, where the function of the hemoglobin has changed in a way to be not conducive to [[malaria]] [[parasite]]s. The [[creation science]] organization [[Answers in Genesis]] states the following regarding the mutation that results in sickle cell anemia:
Gain-of-function mutations create a new allele that is associated with a new function. Any heterozygote containing the new allele along with the original wild type allele will express the new allele. Genetically this will define the mutation as a dominant. A primary example of this is the sickle hemoglobin, where the function of the hemoglobin has changed in a way to be not conducive to [[malaria]] [[parasite]]s. The [[creation science]] organization [[Answers in Genesis]] states the following regarding the mutation that results in sickle cell anemia:
{{cquote|This is good evidence that natural selection plays a part in maintaining a higher frequency of this carrier state. If you are resistant to malaria, you are more likely to survive to pass on your genes. Nevertheless, it is a defect, not an increase in complexity or an improvement in function which is being selected for, and having more carriers in the population means that there will be more people suffering from this terrible [[disease]]. Demonstrating [[natural selection]] does not demonstrate that ‘upward [[theory of evolution|evolution]]’ is a fact, yet many schoolchildren are taught this as a ‘proof’ of evolution.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v16/i2/anaemia.asp</ref>}}
{{cquote|This is good evidence that natural selection plays a part in maintaining a higher frequency of this carrier state. If you are resistant to malaria, you are more likely to survive to pass on your genes. Nevertheless, it is a defect, not an increase in complexity or an improvement in function which is being selected for, and having more carriers in the population means that there will be more people suffering from this terrible [[disease]]. Demonstrating [[natural selection]] does not demonstrate that ‘upward [[theory of evolution|evolution]]’ is a fact, yet many schoolchildren are taught this as a ‘proof’ of evolution.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v16/i2/anaemia.asp</ref>}}
==Mutatations and the Theory of Evolution==
[[Image:Pierre Grasse.jpg|thumb|140px|right|[[Pierre Grasse]]]]
Evolutionist [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] wrote: "The process of [[mutation]] is the only known source of the new materials of genetic variability, and hence of evolution."<ref>[[NorthWest Creation Network]], [http://www.nwcreation.net/geneticquotes.html Quotes on Genetics]</ref> Most evolutionists believe that the processes of mutation, [[genetic drift]] and natural selection created every species of life that we see on earth today after [[Origin of life|life first came about on earth]].<ref>[[Jonathan Sarfati]], P.H.D., F.M., [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1855 Climbing Mount Improbable:A Review of Climbing Mount Improbable by Richard Dawkins]</ref> However, [[Pierre Grasse]], who served as Chair of Evolution at [[Sorbonne University]] for thirty years and was ex-president of the [[French Academy of Sciences]], stated the following: "Some contemporary biologists, as soon as they observe a mutation, talk about evolution. They are implicitly supporting the following syllogism: mutations are the only evolutionary variations, all living beings undergo mutations, therefore all living beings evolve....No matter how numerous they may be, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution." Grasse pointed out that bacteria which are the subject of study of many geneticists and molecular biologists are organisms which produce the most mutants.<ref>[http://www.veritas-ucsb.org/library/origins/quotes/mutations.html Pierre Grasse regarding mutations]</ref> Grasse then points that bacteria are considered to have "stabilized a billion years ago!".<ref>[http://www.veritas-ucsb.org/library/origins/quotes/mutations.html Pierre Grasse regarding mutations]</ref> Grasse regards the "unceasing mutations" to be "merely hereditary fluctuations around a median position; a swing to the right, a swing to the left, but no final evolutionary effect."<ref>[ http://www.veritas-ucsb.org/library/origins/quotes/mutations.html Pierre Grasse regarding mutations]</ref> In addition, [[Harvard]] biologist [[Ernst Mayr]] wrote: "It must be admitted, however, that it is a considerable strain on one’s credulity to assume that finely balanced systems such as certain sense organs (the eye of vertebrates, or the bird’s feather) could be improved by random mutations."<ref>[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes10.html Ernst Mayr, Systematics and the Origin of Species (New York: Dover Publications, 1942), p. 296]</ref>
==References==
==References==