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== '''U.S. Supreme Court Cases''' ==
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! Case !! Decision Summary
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| ''[[ASARCO Inc. v. Kadish]]'' (1989)
|| [[U.S. Supreme Court]] restated [[Rooker-Feldman doctrine]] that 28 U. S. C. § 1257 ordinarily bars direct review in lower federal courts of decision reached by highest state court; such authority is vested solely in the U.S. Supreme Court.
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| ''[[Abdul-Kabir v. Quarterman]]'' (2007)
|| the 5-4 United States Supreme Court overturned death penalty; found a reasonable likelihood that trial judge's instructions to Texas jury that sentenced defendant to death prevented jurors from giving meaningful consideration to constitutionally relevant mitigating evidence.
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| ''[[Abington School District v. Schempp]]'' (1963)
|| [[U.S. Supreme Court]] held that compulsory school prayer is unconstitutional.
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| ''[[Abood v. Detroit Bd. of Ed.]]'' (1977)
|| [[U.S. Supreme Court]] held public-sector unions constitutionally prohibited from using fees of objecting nonmembers for ideological purposes not germane to union's collective-bargaining duties.
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| ''[[Abrams v. United States]]''
||
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| ''[[Abstention doctrine]]''
|| Allows [[federal courts]] to refrain from hearing [[lawsuits]] under a variety of circumstances that concern possible interference with other proceedings.
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| ''[[Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena]]'' (1995)
|| Decision by [[U.S. Supreme Court]] holding government affirmative action programs to an exacting "strict scrutiny"; requires invalidating them unless justified to remedy past discrimination.
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| ''[[Aguilar v. Felton]]'' (1985)
|| [[U.S. Supreme Court]] held the ;;Establishment Clause'' prohibits governmental financial assistance to parochial schools.
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| ''[[Alaska v. United States]]'' (2005)
|| Nearly unanimous [[U.S. Supreme Court]] held against a claim asserted by state of [[Alaska]] to certain submerged lands underlying waters in [[Southeast Alaska]], including lands in between and fringing the southeastern Alaska islands known as the [[Alexander Archipelago]].
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| ''[[Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons]]''
||Presents a question to [[U.S. Supreme Court]] concerning [[Federal Tort Claims Act]].
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| ''[[Allen v. Illinois]]'' (1986)
|| [[U.S. Supreme Court]] held that privilege against self-incrimination does not protect person in medication hearing because it is a civil proceeding.
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