Changes

==Comintern affiliate==

==Comintern affiliate==

[[Image:Cn-rsk.gif|right|thumb|Flag of the Peoples Republic of China from 1928 - 7 Nov 1931.<br>  The Soviet Republic of China, referred to as the Kiangsi Soviet Republic, was declared 1 Dec 1931). [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC]]]The All-Russian Communist Party ([[Bolshevik]]) (later known as the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]), was obsessed with ambition for China. In 1920, the Soviet Union established the Far Eastern Bureau, a branch of the Third Communist International, or the [[Comintern]]. It was responsible for the establishment of a Communist party in China and other countries. Sumiltsky was the head of the bureau, and Grigori Voitinsky was a deputy manager. They began to prepare for the establishment of the CCP with Chen Duxiao and others. The proposal they submitted to the Far Eastern Bureau in June 1921 to establish a China branch of the Comintern indicated that the CCP was a branch led by the Comintern. On July 23, 1921, under the help of Nikolsky and Maring from the Far East Bureau, the CCP was officially formed.

 

The All-Russian Communist Party ([[Bolshevik]]) (later known as the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]), was obsessed with ambition for China. In 1920, the Soviet Union established the Far Eastern Bureau, a branch of the Third Communist International, or the [[Comintern]]. It was responsible for the establishment of a Communist party in China and other countries. Sumiltsky was the head of the bureau, and Grigori Voitinsky was a deputy manager. They began to prepare for the establishment of the CCP with Chen Duxiao and others. The proposal they submitted to the Far Eastern Bureau in June 1921 to establish a China branch of the Comintern indicated that the CCP was a branch led by the Comintern. On July 23, 1921, under the help of Nikolsky and Maring from the Far East Bureau, the CCP was officially formed.

Marxism with its declaration to “use violent revolution to destroy the old state apparatus and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat” was a completely foreign concept in China. Mao Zedong said, "The social scum and hoodlums have always been spurned by the society, but they are actually the bravest, the most thorough and firmest in the revolution in the rural areas."<ref>From Mao’s “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan” (March 1927).</ref> The [[lumpen proletariat]] enhanced the violent nature of the CCP and established the early political power of the communist party in rural areas. The word “[[revolution]]” in Chinese literally means “taking lives.” In a debate over the term “lumpen proletariat” during the [[Cultural Revolution]], the CCP felt that “lumpen” did not sound good, and so the CCP replaced it with “[[proletariat]]” simply.

Marxism with its declaration to “use violent revolution to destroy the old state apparatus and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat” was a completely foreign concept in China. Mao Zedong said, "The social scum and hoodlums have always been spurned by the society, but they are actually the bravest, the most thorough and firmest in the revolution in the rural areas."<ref>From Mao’s “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan” (March 1927).</ref> The [[lumpen proletariat]] enhanced the violent nature of the CCP and established the early political power of the communist party in rural areas. The word “[[revolution]]” in Chinese literally means “taking lives.” In a debate over the term “lumpen proletariat” during the [[Cultural Revolution]], the CCP felt that “lumpen” did not sound good, and so the CCP replaced it with “[[proletariat]]” simply.

==Kiangsi Soviet Republic==

==Kiangsi Soviet Republic==

 

In 1931 the Executive Committee of the Comintern in Moscow directed Mao Zedong to organize a Soviet on the Russian model.<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'' by David J. Dallin (New Haven, 1948); ''Inside Red China'' by Nym Wales (New York, 1939); [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC Kiangsi Soviet Republic].</ref> Mao Zedong and [[Chu The]], and later [[Zhou Enlai]], set up a Soviet government in two central provinces of China.  In 1933, the CCP sent a message to [[Josef Stalin]] which read, "Lead us on, O our pilot, from victory to victory!"<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'', David J. Dallin, New Haven, 1948; 17th Congress of Communist Party of Soviet Union, Stenog. Report, p. 1323, quoted in ''While You Slept : Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', John T. Flynn,  New York : The Devin - Adair Company, 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf  pg. 21] pdf.</ref> The 1934 Constitution of the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] stated that the "Chinese Soviet Government has the ... goal of eventual nationalization of all land." <ref>Ilpyong J. Kim, ''The Politics of Chinese Communism'', Berkeley 1973, p. 25.</ref>

In 1931 the Executive Committee of the Comintern in Moscow directed Mao Zedong to organize a Soviet on the Russian model.<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'' by David J. Dallin (New Haven, 1948); ''Inside Red China'' by Nym Wales (New York, 1939); [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC Kiangsi Soviet Republic].</ref> Mao Zedong and [[Chu The]], and later [[Zhou Enlai]], set up a Soviet government in two central provinces of China.  In 1933, the CCP sent a message to [[Josef Stalin]] which read, "Lead us on, O our pilot, from victory to victory!"<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'', David J. Dallin, New Haven, 1948; 17th Congress of Communist Party of Soviet Union, Stenog. Report, p. 1323, quoted in ''While You Slept : Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', John T. Flynn,  New York : The Devin - Adair Company, 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf  pg. 21] pdf.</ref> The 1934 Constitution of the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] stated that the "Chinese Soviet Government has the ... goal of eventual nationalization of all land." <ref>Ilpyong J. Kim, ''The Politics of Chinese Communism'', Berkeley 1973, p. 25.</ref>

==NORINCO==

==NORINCO==

In 1994, some employees of Norinco came under federal investigation from both the [[FBI]] as well as the [[BATF]] after a successful sting dubbed “Operation Dragon Fire.” In May of 1996, in what was called "the largest seizure of fully operational automatic weapons in U.S. history,"<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,135999,00.html]</ref> 14 individuals and an [[Atlanta, Georgia]] company were indicted for the unlicensed importation and sale of 2000 [[AK-47]]'s into the United States. [[U.S. Customs]] agents posing as arms traffickers convinced a group of Chinese arms dealers, including three Norinco representatives, that they were in the market to buy guns for [[drug ring]]s and [[street gang]]s.<ref>[http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/misc/smuggle.html]</ref>  "The defendants offered the government undercover agents more sophisticated weapons, including hand-held rocket launchers, mortars, anti-aircraft missiles, silenced machine guns and even tanks," said Wayne Yamashita of the U.S. Customs Service.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/US/9605/23/china.arms/]</ref> The Customs Service discovered during the investigation that these weapons were bound for [[Oakland, California]] street gangs.<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20030523-123039-1385r.htm]</ref> According to an [[affidavit]] signed by two of the undercover agents involved in the investigation, representatives from Norinco offered to sell urban gangs shoulder-held missile launchers capable of downing a large commercial airliner.

In 1994, some employees of Norinco came under federal investigation from both the [[FBI]] as well as the [[BATF]] after a successful sting dubbed “Operation Dragon Fire.” In May of 1996, in what was called "the largest seizure of fully operational automatic weapons in U.S. history,"<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,135999,00.html Anatomy of a Sting], Michael S. Serrill, [[Time magazine]], Jun. 24, 2001.</ref> 14 individuals and an [[Atlanta, Georgia]] company were indicted for the unlicensed importation and sale of 2000 [[AK-47]]'s into the United States. [[U.S. Customs]] agents posing as arms traffickers convinced a group of Chinese arms dealers, including three Norinco representatives, that they were in the market to buy guns for [[drug ring]]s and [[street gang]]s.<ref>[http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/misc/smuggle.html Massive Seizure of New Automatic Weapons Illegally Smuggled by PRC Weapons Producers], [[U.S. Department of Justice]] Press Release, May 23, 1996. Retrieved from CourtTV Septermber 25, 2007.</ref>  "The defendants offered the government undercover agents more sophisticated weapons, including hand-held rocket launchers, mortars, anti-aircraft missiles, silenced machine guns and even tanks," said Wayne Yamashita of the U.S. Customs Service.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/US/9605/23/china.arms/ Feds seize 'incredible arsenal', U.S. agent says China was aware of weapons-smuggling operation], [[CNN]], May 23, 1996.</ref> The Customs Service discovered during the investigation that these weapons were bound for [[Oakland, California]] street gangs.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070301055156/www.washtimes.com/national/20030523-123039-1385r.htm Chinese firm hit with U.S. sanctions], By Bill Gertz, ''The [[Washington Times]]'', May 23, 2003.</ref> According to an [[affidavit]] signed by two of the undercover agents involved in the investigation, representatives from Norinco offered to sell urban gangs shoulder-held missile launchers capable of downing a large commercial airliner.

In August 2003, the Bush administration imposed sanctions on Norinco for allegedly selling missile-related goods to [[Iran]].<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20030523-123039-1385r.htm]</ref>  While not formally joining the multinational effort to restrict the proliferation of missiles, China did commit in 2000 not to assist in any way the development by other countries of [[MTCR]]-class missiles.  Neither the Chinese government nor Norinco has denied doing business with Iranian companies, although they did deny that it was for missile related purposes at the Shahid Hemmat Industrial Group, Iran’s key manufacturer of ballistic and non ballistic missiles.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2931154.stm ][http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/tehran-hemat.htm] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2931154.stm ]</ref> Norinco has called the sanctions "groundless and unjustified" and "entirely unreasonable."<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/200306/06/eng20030606_117779.shtml][http://www.norinco.com/c1024/english/newscenter/press_03.html]</ref>

In August 2003, the Bush administration imposed sanctions on Norinco for allegedly selling missile-related goods to [[Iran]].<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20030523-123039-1385r.htm]</ref>  While not formally joining the multinational effort to restrict the proliferation of missiles, China did commit in 2000 not to assist in any way the development by other countries of [[MTCR]]-class missiles.  Neither the Chinese government nor Norinco has denied doing business with Iranian companies, although they did deny that it was for missile related purposes at the Shahid Hemmat Industrial Group, Iran’s key manufacturer of ballistic and non ballistic missiles.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2931154.stm ][http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/tehran-hemat.htm] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2931154.stm ]</ref> Norinco has called the sanctions "groundless and unjustified" and "entirely unreasonable."<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/200306/06/eng20030606_117779.shtml][http://www.norinco.com/c1024/english/newscenter/press_03.html]</ref>