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New page: A '''functional group''' is any one of a number of specific combinations of molecules within an atom. Used mainly in organic chemistry, functional groups are a helpful way to d...
A '''functional group''' is any one of a number of specific combinations of [[molecule]]s within an [[atom]]. Used mainly in [[organic chemistry]], functional groups are a helpful way to determine the structure and function of a molecule, as functional groups act very similar no matter what molecule they are a part of <ref name="mcmurry">McMurry, John. Organic Chemistry, 6e. Brooks/Cole: 2004.</ref>.
A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a [[chemical formula]]. For instance, CR<sub>4</sub> represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it.
Some functional groups are described in the following table: <ref name="mcmurry" />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Name !! Description !! Ending !! Simple Example
|-
|[[Alkane]] || Carbon-carbon single bond || -''ane'' || [[Ethane]] (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
|-
|[[Alkene]] || Carbon-carbon double bond || -''ene'' || Ethene (CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)
|-
|[[Alkyne]] || Carbon-carbon triple bond || -''yne'' || Ethyne (CHCH)
|-
|[[Arene]] || Unsaturated six-carbon ring || none || Benzene (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)
|-
|[[Halide]] || [[Covalent bond|covalantly bonded]] [[fluorine|F]], [[chlorine|Cl]], [[bromine|Br]] or [[iodine|I]] || none || Chloroethane (ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
|-
|[[Alcohol]] || Covalantly bonded -OH || -''ol'' || Ethanol (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)
|-
|[[Ether]] || Oxygen bonded to two other carbons || ''ether'' || Diethyl ether (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
|-
|[[Amine]] || -NR<sub>2</sub> || -''amine'' || Ethylamine (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>
|-
|[[Carboxylic acid]] || Carbon double bonded to O and bonded to -OH || -''oic acid'' || [[Acetic acid|Ethanoic acid]] (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH)
|}
==References==
<references />
A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a [[chemical formula]]. For instance, CR<sub>4</sub> represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it.
Some functional groups are described in the following table: <ref name="mcmurry" />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Name !! Description !! Ending !! Simple Example
|-
|[[Alkane]] || Carbon-carbon single bond || -''ane'' || [[Ethane]] (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
|-
|[[Alkene]] || Carbon-carbon double bond || -''ene'' || Ethene (CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)
|-
|[[Alkyne]] || Carbon-carbon triple bond || -''yne'' || Ethyne (CHCH)
|-
|[[Arene]] || Unsaturated six-carbon ring || none || Benzene (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)
|-
|[[Halide]] || [[Covalent bond|covalantly bonded]] [[fluorine|F]], [[chlorine|Cl]], [[bromine|Br]] or [[iodine|I]] || none || Chloroethane (ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
|-
|[[Alcohol]] || Covalantly bonded -OH || -''ol'' || Ethanol (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)
|-
|[[Ether]] || Oxygen bonded to two other carbons || ''ether'' || Diethyl ether (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
|-
|[[Amine]] || -NR<sub>2</sub> || -''amine'' || Ethylamine (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>
|-
|[[Carboxylic acid]] || Carbon double bonded to O and bonded to -OH || -''oic acid'' || [[Acetic acid|Ethanoic acid]] (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH)
|}
==References==
<references />