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The term '''absolute temperature scale''' usually refers to the [[Kelvin]] temperature scale, but can also refer to the [[Rankine]] scale. These scales are based on the conventional scales for measuring temperature – [[Celsius]] in most non-US countries and [[Fahrenheit]] in the [[United States]].
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==Need for an absolute scale==
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Chemists and physicists working with [[gas]]es came to the realization that the conventional temperature scales were not adequate for characterizing the effect of temperature on the decrease in [[volume]] and [[pressure]] of gases with the corresponding decrease in the actual temperature of the gases.
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Ultimately, they realized that if they could decrease the temperature of an [[Ideal Gas|ideal gas]] to a point where all [[molecular motion]] ceased, that would be a good "[[absolute zero]]" point. They found that this temperature would be -273.15&nbsp;°C (-459.67&nbsp;°F).
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==Kelvin scale==
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The Kelvin scale, which is based on the Celsius scale, sets the absolute zero point at 0 Kelvin (or just 0K).
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Thus, the melting point of water would be 273.15 K (0&nbsp;°C + 273.15).<ref name="Britannica">[https://www.britannica.com/science/kelvin Kelvin] (www.britannica.com)</ref> Likewise, the boiling point of water at pressure 1 atm is 373.15 K (100&nbsp;°C + 273.15) and the [[triple point]] of water is at 273.16 K.
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==Rankine scale==
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Like the Kelvin scale, the absolute zero temperature on the Rankine scale is at its zero point - 0°R. However, one degree on the Rankine scale is one degree on the Fahrenheit scale.
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Thus, the freezing point of water would be 491.67 °R (32&nbsp;°F + 459.67), and the boiling point of water would be 671.67 °R (212&nbsp;°F + 459.67).
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== References ==
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{{reflist}}
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[[Category:Units of Temperature]]
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