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Line 1: − {{stub}}+ − '''Joan of Arc''' (Jeanne d'Arc) (1412-1431 AD) was a girl who felt called by God to lead the French army, defeated the English at the siege at Orleans in A.D. 1430 at the age of seventeen, but was later captured by the English and burned at stake as a heretic in 1431. She was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1920 and is accordingly known today as St. Joan. − − ''Joan of Arc'' is the English translation of the French name ''Jeanne d'Arc.'' Her name was spelled in a variety of ways; she herself signed her first name as "Jehanne" on some letters.<ref>[http://www.brynmawr.edu/Library/exhibits/jehanne/contemporary.html Contemporary accounts of Joan of Arc], Bryn Mawr college library</ref> She is also known as "the Maid of Orleans" and "La Pucelle" (French for "the maid"). − − Her story has inspired numerous works of art, notably [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s 1923 play ''Saint Joan'' (considered one of his greatest plays) and Mark Twain's novel ''Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc'' (largely forgotten but believed by Twain to be his best work). Both are sympathetic and admiring depictions. In contrast, in Shakespeare's play ''Henry VI, Part 1,'' the character "Joan La Pucelle" is depicted as she was generally viewed by the English at the time: as a witch and sorceress who was justly executed. − − ==References== − <references/>
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