Cryptanalysis consists of the steps and operations performed in converting encrypted messages into plain text without initial knowledge of the key employed in the encryption.<ref>http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/c/01434.html</ref>
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Elementary examples of cryptanalysis are presented in two famous short stories, [[Edgar Allen Poe]]'s
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'The Gold Bug'' and Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s ''The Adventure of the Dancing Men." In each of these stories, a fictional detective solves a simple [[substitution cipher]] and explains to the reader how he does it.