Changes

===Gain-of-function mutations===

===Gain-of-function mutations===

Gain-of-function mutations create a new allele that is associated with a new function. Any heterozygote containing the new allele along with the original wild type allele will express the new allele. Genetically this will define the mutation as a dominant.

Gain-of-function mutations create a new allele that is associated with a new function. Any heterozygote containing the new allele along with the original wild type allele will express the new allele. Genetically this will define the mutation as a dominant.

The [[creation science]] organization [[Answers in Genesis]] states the following regarding the mutation that results in sickle cell anemia:

The sickle hemoglobin, where the function of the hemoglobin has changed in a way to be not conducive to [[malaria]] [[parasite]]s, is often cited as an example of a gain-of-function mutation, but it is actually a loss-of-function mutation that conveys a survival advantage in some circumstances.

{{cquote|This is good evidence that natural selection plays a part in maintaining a higher frequency of this carrier state. If you are resistant to malaria, you are more likely to survive to pass on your genes. Nevertheless, it is a defect, not an increase in complexity or an improvement in function which is being selected for, and having more carriers in the population means that there will be more people suffering from this terrible [[disease]]. Demonstrating [[natural selection]] does not demonstrate that ‘upward [[theory of evolution|evolution]]’ is a fact, yet many schoolchildren are taught this as a ‘proof’ of evolution.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v16/i2/anaemia.asp</ref>}}

 

{{QuoteBox|This is good evidence that natural selection plays a part in maintaining a higher frequency of this carrier state. If you are resistant to malaria, you are more likely to survive to pass on your genes. Nevertheless, it is a defect, not an increase in complexity or an improvement in function which is being selected for, and having more carriers in the population means that there will be more people suffering from this terrible [[disease]].<ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/901/ Sickle-cell anemia does not prove evolution!], ''Creation'' 16(2):40–41, March 1994.</ref>}}

==Mutatations and the Theory of Evolution==

==Mutatations and the Theory of Evolution==