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Line 1: − ''Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena'', 515 U.S. 200 (1995), was a decision by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] holding government affirmative action programs to an exacting "strict scrutiny" that requires invalidating them unless justified to remedy past discrimination. − Its central ruling was that the Equal Protection Clause "protects persons, not groups."<ref>515 U.S. at 227</ref> The Court observed, "All governmental action based on race -- a group classification long recognized as 'in most circumstances irrelevant and therefore prohibited,' Hirabayashi [v. United States, 320 U.S. 81, 100, 63 S. Ct. 1375, 87 L. Ed. 1774 (1943)] -- should be subjected to detailed judicial inquiry to ensure that the personal right to equal protection of the laws has not been infringed."<ref>''Ibid.''</ref> − − This decision overruled ''Metro Broadcasting v FCC'', 497 U.S. 547 (1990). − − == References == − − <references/> − [[category:United States Supreme Court Cases]]
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (view source)
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