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'''Pan pipes''' are an ancient musical instrument consisting of a set of pipes of different lengths, each of which plays a single note. The pipes are closed at the bottom end and have no fingering holes. They are played by blowing across the open end of the pipe, rather like sounding a note on a jug or pop bottle.
'''Pan pipes''' are an ancient [[music|musical]] [[instrument]] consisting of a set of pipes of different lengths, each of which plays a single note. The pipes are closed at the bottom end and have no fingering holes. They are played by blowing across the open end of the pipe, rather like sounding a note on a jug or pop bottle.
The earliest depictions of the instrument are on 5th or 6th century BC bronze urns from north east Italy.
The earliest depictions of the instrument are on 5th or 6th century BC bronze urns from north east Italy.
==In literature==
==In literature==
In Greek mythology, Pan, the goatlike god of Nature, is in love with the nymph Syrinx, who does not love him. He chases her, but river nymphs help her escape by changing Syrinx into river reeds. Pan makes his pipes out of the reeds. Pan pipes are also known as the ''Syrinx,'' which is also the name given to the sound-producing organ in birds.
In Greek mythology, Pan, the goat-like god of Nature, is in love with the nymph Syrinx, who does not love him. He chases her, but river nymphs help her escape by changing Syrinx into river reeds. Pan makes his pipes out of the reeds. Pan pipes are also known as the ''Syrinx,'' which is also the name given to the sound-producing organ in birds.
[[Elizabeth Barrett Browning]]'s poem, ''A Musical Instrument,'' uses the mythical pipes of Pan as a metaphor, suggesting that great art is produced only at great personal cost to the artist. In the poem, Browning says, Pan creates his musical instrument only by muddying the river, killing lilies and driving away the dragonflies as he tears out a reed. He then "hack'd and hew'd" at the reed, "drew the pith, like the heart of a man" and "notch'd the poor dry empty thing in holes." The experiment is successful; the last two stanzas read
[[Elizabeth Barrett Browning]]'s poem, ''A Musical Instrument,'' uses the mythical pipes of Pan as a metaphor, suggesting that great art is produced only at great personal cost to the artist. In the poem, Browning says, Pan creates his musical instrument only by muddying the river, killing lilies and driving away the dragonflies as he tears out a reed. He then "hack'd and hew'd" at the reed, "drew the pith, like the heart of a man" and "notch'd the poor dry empty thing in holes." The experiment is successful; the last two stanzas read
Sweet, sweet, sweet, O Pan!<br>
Sweet, sweet, sweet, O Pan!<br/>
Piercing sweet by the river!<br>
Piercing sweet by the river!<br/>
Blinding sweet, O great god Pan!<br>
Blinding sweet, O great god Pan!<br/>
The sun on the hill forgot to die,<br>
The sun on the hill forgot to die,<br/>
And the lilies revived, and the dragon-fly<br>
And the lilies revived, and the dragon-fly<br/>
Came back to dream on the river.<br>
Came back to dream on the river.<br>
Yet half a beast is the great god Pan,<br>
Yet half a beast is the great god Pan,<br/>
To laugh as he sits by the river,<br>
To laugh as he sits by the river,<br/>
Making a poet out of a man:<br>
Making a poet out of a man:<br/>
The true gods sigh for the cost and pain—<br>
The true gods sigh for the cost and pain—<br/>
For the reed which grows nevermore again<br>
For the reed which grows nevermore again<br/>
As a reed with the reeds of the river.<br>
As a reed with the reeds of the river.<br/>
==External links==
==External links==