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Chemical nomenclature (view source)
Revision as of 15:54, December 18, 2007
, 15:54, December 18, 2007→Ionic Compounds
:Cu<sup>+</sup> Cuprous ion
:Cu<sup>+</sup> Cuprous ion
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> Cupric ion
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> Cupric ion
Negative ions are called [[anion]]s. Monatomic anions (those derived from a single atom) are most commonly formed from atoms of the nonmetallic elements. They are named by dropping the ending of the name of the element and adding the ending -ide:
:H<sup>-</sup> Hydride ion
:F<sup>-</sup> Fluoride ion
:O<sup>2-</sup> Oxide ion
:S<sup>2-</sup> Sulfide ion
Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen. Anions of this kind are referred to as oxyanions. A particular element such as sulfur may form more than one oxyanion. When this occurs, there are rules for indicating the relative numbers of oxygen atoms in the anion. When an element forms only two oxyanions, the name of the one that contains more oxygen ends in -ate; the name of the one with less oxygen ends in -ite:
:NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> Nitrite ion
:SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> Sulfite ion
:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> Nitrate ion
:SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> Sulfate ion
When the series of anions of a given element extends to three or four members, as with the oxyanions of the halogens, prefixes are also employed. The prefix hypo- indicates less oxygen, and the prefix per- indicates more oxygen:
:ClO<sup>-</sup> Hypochlorite ion
:ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> Chlorite ion
:ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> Chlorate ion
:ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> Perchlorate ion
===Molecular Compounds===
===Molecular Compounds===