Changes

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death.

'''Mary I''' (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death.

Mary, the fourth Tudor monarch, is remembered for restoring England from the Protestantism of her father to Roman Catholicism. She executed 300 Protestants in her reign, leading to the nickname Bloody Mary. She was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I.

Mary, the fourth Tudor monarch, is remembered for restoring England from the Protestantism of her father to Roman Catholicism. She executed 300 Protestants in her reign, leading to the nickname Bloody Mary. She was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I.

== Childhood ==

== Childhood ==

Mary was the only surviving offspring of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] and his first wife [[Catherine of Aragon]].Through her mother, she was a granddaughter of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella of Castile]]. She was born at the [[Palace of Placentia]] in [[Greenwich, London|Greenwich]], [[London]], on Monday [[18 February]] [[1516]].  

Mary was the only surviving offspring of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] and his first wife [[Catherine of Aragon]].Through her mother, she was a granddaughter of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella of Castile]]. She was born at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, [[London]], on Monday 18 February [[1516]].  

Mary was educated by the Spanish scholar Juan Luis Vives in [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[science]], and [[music]]. When Mary was nine years old, Henry gave her her own court at [[Ludlow Castle]] and the title of Princess of Wales, usually only reserved for male heirs. In 1526, Mary was sent to [[Wales]] to preside over the [[Council of Wales and the Marches]].  

Mary was educated by the Spanish scholar Juan Luis Vives in [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[science]], and [[music]]. When Mary was nine years old, Henry gave her her own court at Ludlow Castle and the title of Princess of Wales, usually only reserved for male heirs. In 1526, Mary was sent to [[Wales]] to preside over the Council of Wales and the Marches.  

Henry tried to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled by the Church when no male heirs were produced, but Pope Clement VII refused. In 1533, Henry married [[Anne Boleyn]], and Thomas Cranmer, the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], formally declared the marriage with Catherine void and the marriage with Anne valid. Henry then broke with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and declared himself head of the [[Church of England]]. Catherine lost the dignity of being queen and became Princess Dowager of Wales. Mary was deemed illegitimate, and her place in the line of succession transferred to her half-sister, the future Elizabeth I, daughter of Anne Boleyn. She was styled "Lady Mary" rather than princess because of her illegitimate status.

Henry tried to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled by the Church when no male heirs were produced, but Pope Clement VII refused. In 1533, Henry married [[Anne Boleyn]], and Thomas Cranmer, the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], formally declared the marriage with Catherine void and the marriage with Anne valid. Henry then broke with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and declared himself head of the [[Church of England]]. Catherine lost the dignity of being queen and became Princess Dowager of Wales. Mary was deemed illegitimate, and her place in the line of succession transferred to her half-sister, the future Elizabeth I, daughter of Anne Boleyn. She was styled "Lady Mary" rather than princess because of her illegitimate status.