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'''Holodomor Denial ''' is the act of stating that the [[Holodomor]], the disastrous famine of 1932-1933 in eastern [[Ukraine]] (at the time, part of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]], in the [[Soviet Union]]), never took place.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2002/280214.shtml Famine denial The Ukrainian Weekly, July 14, 2002, No. 28, Vol. LXX]</ref><ref>''

'''Holodomor Denial ''' is the act of stating that the [[Holodomor]], the disastrous famine of 1932-1933 in Eastern Ukraine then known as the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]], in the [[Soviet Union]]), never took place.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2002/280214.shtml Famine denial The Ukrainian Weekly, July 14, 2002, No. 28, Vol. LXX]</ref><ref>''

Initially he Soviet government dismissed all references to the famine as anti-Soviet propaganda. Denial of the famine declined after the Communist Party lost power and the Soviet empire disintegrated'' @ [http://books.google.com/books?ei=_WZ3R9CwDZnmtQO3xeXQCg&id=c-8YAAAAIAAJ&dq=Holodomor+Denial&q=%22Denial+of+the+famine%22&pgis=1#search Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity By Dinah Shelton; Page 1055] ISBN 0028658485</ref><ref>After over half a century of denial, in January 1990 the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] adopted a special resolution admitting that the Ukrainian Famine had indeed occurred. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C&pg Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts - Page 93] ISBN 0415944295</ref>  

Initially he Soviet government dismissed all references to the famine as anti-Soviet propaganda. Denial of the famine declined after the Communist Party lost power and the Soviet empire disintegrated'' @ [http://books.google.com/books?ei=_WZ3R9CwDZnmtQO3xeXQCg&id=c-8YAAAAIAAJ&dq=Holodomor+Denial&q=%22Denial+of+the+famine%22&pgis=1#search Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity By Dinah Shelton; Page 1055] ISBN 0028658485</ref><ref>After over half a century of denial, in January 1990 the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] adopted a special resolution admitting that the Ukrainian Famine had indeed occurred. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C&pg Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts - Page 93] ISBN 0415944295</ref>  

===Walter Duranty and ''The New York Times''===

===Walter Duranty and ''The New York Times''===

One of the first Western Holodomor deniers was [[Walter Duranty]], the winner of the 1932 [[Pulitzer prize]] in journalism in the category of correspondence, for his dispatches on [[Russia]] and the working out of the [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five Year Plan]].<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf "Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes regarding Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize"] ([[December 30]], [[2002]]&ndash;[[April 28]], [[2003]])</ref> While the famine was raging, he wrote in the pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' that "Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda," and that "There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition."<ref>[[Arnold Beichman]], [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/791vwuaz.asp ''Pulitzer-Winning Lies''], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', [[June 12]] [[2003]]</ref>

One of the first Western Holodomor deniers was [[Walter Duranty]]. Duranty was the winner of the 1932 [[Pulitzer prize]] in journalism in the category of correspondence, for his dispatches on [[Russia]] and the working out of the [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five Year Plan]].<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf "Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes regarding Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize"] ([[December 30]], [[2002]]&ndash;[[April 28]], [[2003]])</ref> While the famine was raging, he wrote in the pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' that "Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda," and that "There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition."<ref>[[Arnold Beichman]], [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/791vwuaz.asp ''Pulitzer-Winning Lies''], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', [[June 12]] [[2003]]</ref>

In his reports, Duranty downplayed the impact of food shortages in Ukraine, although in private he told [[Eugene Lyons]] and reported to the [[United Kingdom|British]] Embassy that at least seven million had died of famine <ref> Embassy dispatch dated [[30 September]] [[1933]] included the following: "According to Mr. Duranty the population of [[North Caucasus]] and the Lower [[Volga River|Volga]] had decreased in the past year by three million, and the population of Ukraine by four to five million" (cited from ''"Reflections on the ravaged century"'', p. 123)</ref>. Duranty acted more like a spokesman for the Soviet government than an independent reporter for a Western newspaper.  As Duranty wrote in a dispatch from Moscow in March 1933, "Conditions are bad, but there is no famine... But—to put it brutally—you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs."<ref name="NYT">[http://www.nytco.com/company/awards/statement.html "New York Times Statement About 1932 Pulitzer Prize Awarded to Walter Duranty"]</ref>

In his reports, Duranty downplayed the impact of food shortages in Ukraine. In private however, he told [[Eugene Lyons]] and reported to the [[United Kingdom|British]] Embassy that at least seven million had died of famine <ref> Embassy dispatch dated [[30 September]] [[1933]] included the following: "According to Mr. Duranty the population of [[North Caucasus]] and the Lower [[Volga River|Volga]] had decreased in the past year by three million, and the population of Ukraine by four to five million" (cited from ''"Reflections on the ravaged century"'', p. 123)</ref>. Duranty acted more like a spokesman for the Soviet government than an independent reporter for a Western newspaper.  As Duranty wrote in a dispatch from Moscow in March 1933, "Conditions are bad, but there is no famine... But—to put it brutally—you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs."<ref name="NYT">[http://www.nytco.com/company/awards/statement.html "New York Times Statement About 1932 Pulitzer Prize Awarded to Walter Duranty"]</ref>

Duranty wrote articles denying the fact that the Holodomor was taking place in Ukraine. He also wrote denunciations of those who wrote about the famine, accusing them of being reactionaries and [[anti-communism|anti-Bolshevik]] [[propaganda|propagandists]]. He continued to do this despite visiting the famine-stricken areas and informing the British embassy of the several million who had died. Duranty repeated Soviet propaganda without verifying its veracity. As the ''New York Times'' notes: "Taking Soviet propaganda at face value this way was completely misleading, as talking with ordinary Russians might have revealed even at the time."<ref name="NYT"/>  

Duranty wrote articles denying the fact that the Holodomor was taking place in Ukraine. He also wrote denunciations of those who wrote about the famine, accusing them of being reactionaries and [[anti-communism|anti-Bolshevik]] [[propaganda|propagandists]]. Duranty continued to repeat Soviet disinformation without verifying its veracity. As the ''New York Times'' notes: "Taking Soviet propaganda at face value this way was completely misleading, as talking with ordinary Russians might have revealed even at the time."<ref name="NYT"/>  

In August 1933, [[Theodor Cardinal Innitzer]] of [[Vienna]] called for relief efforts, stating that the Ukrainian famine was claiming lives “likely. . . numbered. . . by the millions” and driving those still alive to [[infanticide]] and [[cannibalism]]. ''The New York Times'', [[August 20]], [[1933]], reported Innitzer’s charge and published an official denial: “in the Soviet Union we have neither [[cannibalism|cannibals]] nor [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]]”. The next day, the Times added Duranty’s own denial.   

In August 1933, [[Theodor Cardinal Innitzer]] of [[Vienna]] called for relief efforts, stating that the Ukrainian famine was claiming lives “likely. . . numbered. . . by the millions” and driving those still alive to [[infanticide]] and [[cannibalism]]. ''The New York Times'', [[August 20]], [[1933]], reported Innitzer’s charge and published an official denial: “in the Soviet Union we have neither [[cannibalism|cannibals]] nor [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]]”. The next day, the Times added Duranty’s own denial.   

[[United Kingdom|British]] journalist [[Malcolm Muggeridge]] characterised Duranty as "the greatest liar of any journalist I have met in 50 years of journalism."<ref>[[Robert Conquest]]. ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine'' [[Oxford University Press]] (1987), ISBN 0195051807, page 320. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Bp31GmfH-6YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=harvest+of+sorrow&sig=ONivvVYlMPCPY0pb41NXw-AL8dE#PPA320,M1]</ref>   

[[United Kingdom|British]] journalist [[Malcolm Muggeridge]] characterized Duranty as "the greatest liar of any journalist I have met in 50 years of journalism."<ref>[[Robert Conquest]]. ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine'' [[Oxford University Press]] (1987), ISBN 0195051807, page 320. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Bp31GmfH-6YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=harvest+of+sorrow&sig=ONivvVYlMPCPY0pb41NXw-AL8dE#PPA320,M1]</ref>   

Campaigns were launched in 1986 for the retraction of the Pulitzer Prize given to ''[[The New York Times]]''. Despite the fact that the Times admits that the fraudulent coverage led to it receiving the prize, they have refused to relinquish it.<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of Pulitzer Prizes]</ref> The Times acknowledges that "some of Duranty's editors criticized his reporting as tendentious", and that "collectivization was the main cause of a famine that killed millions of people in Ukraine, the Soviet [[breadbasket]], in 1932 and 1933 - two years after Duranty won his prize."<ref name="NYT"/>

Campaigns were launched in 1986 for the retraction of the Pulitzer Prize given to ''[[The New York Times]]''. Despite the fact that the [[Times]] admits that the fraudulent coverage led to it receiving the prize, they have refused to relinquish it.<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of Pulitzer Prizes]</ref> The Times acknowledges that "some of Duranty's editors criticized his reporting as tendentious", and that "collectivization was the main cause of a famine that killed millions of people in Ukraine, the Soviet [[breadbasket]], in 1932 and 1933 - two years after Duranty won his prize."<ref name="NYT"/>

===Louis Fischer and ''The Nation''===

===Louis Fischer and ''The Nation''===

Next to Duranty, the American reporter most consistently willing to gloss Soviet reality was [[Louis Fischer]], who had a deep ideological commitment to [[communism]] dating back to 1920. When Fischer traveled to Ukraine in October and November of 1932, for ''[[The Nation]]'', he was alarmed at what he saw. "In the [[Poltava]], [[Vinnitsa]], [[Podolsk]] and [[Kiev]] regions, conditions will be hard," he wrote, "I think there is no starvation anywhere in Ukraine now—after all they have just gathered in the harvest but it was a bad harvest."

[[Louis Fischer]], an American reporter who glossed over Soviet reality had a deep ideological commitment to [[communism]] dating back to 1920. Fischer traveled to Ukraine in October and November of 1932, for ''[[The Nation]]'', and was initially alarmed at what he saw. "In the [[Poltava]], [[Vinnitsa]], [[Podolsk]] and [[Kiev]] regions, conditions will be hard," he wrote, "I think there is no starvation anywhere in Ukraine now — after all they have just gathered in the harvest but it was a bad harvest."

Initially critical of the Soviet grain procurement program because it created the food problem, Fischer adopted the official Soviet government view, which blamed the problem on Ukrainian [[counter-revolutionary]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] "[[Wrecking (Soviet crime)|wreckers]]." It seemed "whole villages" had been "contaminated" by such men, who had to be deported to "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering upon their pioneering stage." These steps were forced upon the [[Kremlin]], Fischer wrote, but the Soviets were, nevertheless, learning how to rule wisely.

Initially critical of the Soviet grain procurement program because it created food problem, Fischer adopted the official Soviet government view, which blamed the problem on Ukrainian [[counter-revolutionary]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] "[[Wrecking (Soviet crime)|wreckers]]." It seemed "whole villages" had been "contaminated" by such men, who were deported to "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering upon their pioneering stage." These steps were forced upon the [[Kremlin]], Fischer wrote, but the Soviets were, nevertheless, learning how to rule wisely.

Fischer was on a lecture tour in the United States when [[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones']] famine story broke. Speaking to a college audience in [[Oakland, California]], a week later, Fischer stated emphatically: "There is no starvation in [[Russia]]." He spent the spring of 1933 campaigning for American diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union. As rumors of a famine in the USSR reached American shores, Fischer vociferously denied the reports.

Fischer was on a lecture tour in the United States when [[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones']] famine story broke. Speaking to a college audience in [[Oakland, California]], a week later, Fischer stated emphatically: "There is no starvation in [[Russia]]." He spent the spring of 1933 campaigning for American diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union. As rumors of a famine in the USSR reached American shores, Fischer continued to vociferously deny the reports.

Fischer's article entitled "Russia's Last Hard Year," stated, "The first half of 1933 was very difficult indeed. Many people simply did not have sufficient nourishment." Fischer blamed poor weather and the refusal of peasants to harvest the grain, which then rotted in the fields. Government requisitions drained the countryside of food, he admitted, but military needs (a potential conflict with [[Japan]]) explained the need for such deadly thoroughness in grain collections.<ref name="fischer">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/westobservs.htm Louis Fisher], at ArtUkraine.com</ref>

Fischer's article entitled "Russia's Last Hard Year," stated, "The first half of 1933 was very difficult indeed. Many people simply did not have sufficient nourishment." Fischer blamed poor weather and the refusal of peasants to harvest the grain, which then rotted in the fields. Government requisitions drained the countryside of food, he admitted, but military needs (a potential conflict with [[Japan]]) explained the need for such deadly thoroughness in grain collections.<ref name="fischer">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/westobservs.htm Louis Fisher], at ArtUkraine.com</ref>

Fischer maintained his general optimism about the Soviet Union through the publication of his ''Soviet Journey'' in 1935. The book devoted three pages to a discussion of the famine of 1932-1933, in which Fischer described his October travels through Ukraine. He told of food left rotting in the fields as the result of peasants' "passive resistance." Fischer blamed the peasants directly for having "brought the calamity upon themselves."<!--this is repetitious (already above), could be trimmed--> Fischer stressed the positive results ensuing from Bolshevik victory in the countryside, and connected the famine to peasant action (or inaction).<ref name="fischer"/>

Fischer maintained his general optimism about the Soviet Union through the publication of his ''Soviet Journey'' in 1935. The book devoted three pages to a discussion of the famine of 1932-1933, where he wrote of food left rotting in the fields as the result of peasants' "passive resistance." Fischer once again blamed the peasants directly for having "brought the calamity upon themselves" and stressed the positive results ensuing from Bolshevik victory in the countryside, and connected the famine to peasant action (or inaction).<ref name="fischer"/>

===Communist Party of the USA ===

===Communist Party of the USA ===

The Ukrainian American community in November and December 1933 organized marches in a number of U.S. cities to protest against American recognition of a government which was starving millions of Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> [[Communist Party USA|American Communists]] resorted to violence in an attempt to silence the Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref><ref>[http://www.shevchenko.org/famine/21_27.htm Dushnyck, Walter.  50 Years Ago: The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine: Terror and Human Misery as Instruments of Russian Imperialism]</ref> On [[November 18]], [[1933]], in [[New York City]], 8,000 Ukrainians marched from [[Washington Square Park, New York|Washington Square Park]] to 67th Street, while 500 Communists ran beside the parade and snatched the Ukrainians' handbills, spat on the marchers and tried to hit them.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> Five persons were injured.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref> Only the presence of 300 policemen on foot and a score on horseback leading the parade and riding along its flanks prevented serious trouble.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">

The Ukrainian American community upon receiving reports of the Famine in November and December 1933 organized marches in a number of U.S. cities to protest against American recognition of a government which was starving millions of Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> [[Communist Party USA|American Communists]] resorted to violence in an attempt to silence the Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref><ref>[http://www.shevchenko.org/famine/21_27.htm Dushnyck, Walter.  50 Years Ago: The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine: Terror and Human Misery as Instruments of Russian Imperialism]</ref> On [[November 18]], [[1933]], in [[New York City]], 8,000 Ukrainians marched from [[Washington Square Park, New York|Washington Square Park]] to 67th Street, while 500 Communists ran beside the parade and snatched the Ukrainians' handbills, spat on the marchers and tried to hit them.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> Five persons were injured.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref> Only the presence of 300 policemen on foot and a score on horseback leading the parade and riding along its flanks prevented serious trouble.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">

In [[Chicago]], on [[December 17]], [[1933]], several hundred Communists mounted a massed attack on the vanguard of 5,000 Ukrainian American marchers, leaving over 100 injured in what ''The New York Times'' called "the worst riot in years":

In [[Chicago]], on [[December 17]], [[1933]], several hundred Communists mounted a massed attack on the vanguard of 5,000 Ukrainian American marchers, leaving over 100 injured in what ''The New York Times'' called "the worst riot in years":

"Brick, clubs, rotten eggs and other missiles rained on the marchers from the Hermitage Avenue elevated station bridging Madison Street. The street fight which followed saw brass knuckles, blackjacks, fists and rifle butts used until a dozen squads of police restored order."<ref name="Mace"/>

"Brick, clubs, rotten eggs and other missiles rained on the marchers from the Hermitage Avenue elevated station bridging Madison Street. The street fight which followed saw brass knuckles, blackjacks, fists and rifle butts used until a dozen squads of police restored order."<ref name="Mace"/>

=== Holodomor denial by Foreign Dignitaries Visiting the USSR ===

=== Holodomor denial by Foreign Dignitaries visiting the USSR ===

Prominent dignitaries who visited the Soviet Union in 1934, such as [[George Bernard Shaw]] and [[H. G. Wells]], are also on record as denying the existence of the Famine in Ukraine<ref>[http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/communism/com107.html Stalin-Wells talk / the verbatim record and a discussion by G.B. Shaw, H.G. Wells, J.M. Keynes, E. Toller and others]</ref>.

Prominent dignitaries who visited the Soviet Union in 1934, such as [[George Bernard Shaw]] and [[H. G. Wells]], are also on record as denying the existence of the Famine in Ukraine<ref>[http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/communism/com107.html Stalin-Wells talk / the verbatim record and a discussion by G.B. Shaw, H.G. Wells, J.M. Keynes, E. Toller and others]</ref>.

In 1934 the British Foreign Office in the House of Lords stated that there was no evidence to support the allegations against the Soviet government regarding the Famine in Ukraine. The testimony of Sir John Maynard, a renowned famine expert who visited the Ukraine in the summer of 1933 rejected tales of famine-genocide propagated by the Ukrainian Nationalists<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

In 1934 the British Foreign Office in the House of Lords stated that there was no evidence to support the allegations against the Soviet government regarding the Famine in Ukraine. The testimony of Sir John Maynard, a renowned famine expert who visited the Ukraine in the summer of 1933 rejected tales of famine-genocide propagated by the Ukrainians<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

The height of manipulation was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between [[August 26]] and [[September 9]], [[1933]], by [[Prime Minister of France|French Prime Minister]] [[Edouard Herriot]], who denied accounts of the famine.  The day before his arrival, all beggars, homeless children and starving people were removed from the streets.  Shop windows in local stores were filled with food, but purchases were forbidden, and anyone coming too close to the stores was arrested.  The streets were washed.  Just like all other [[Western World|Western]] visitors, Herriot met fake "peasants," all selected Communists or Komsomol members, who showed him healthy cattle.<ref>''Reflections'', p. 122</ref>  Herriot declared to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of it, and that this showed adversaries of the Soviet Union were spreading the rumour.  "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders," he declared.  The [[September 13]] [[1933]] issue of ''[[Pravda]]'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the

The height of manipulation was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between [[August 26]] and [[September 9]], [[1933]], by [[Prime Minister of France|French Prime Minister]] [[Edouard Herriot]], who denied accounts of the famine.  The day before his arrival, all beggars, homeless children and starving people were removed from the streets.  Shop windows in local stores were filled with food, but purchases were forbidden, and anyone coming too close to the stores was arrested.  The streets were washed.  Just like all other [[Western World|Western]] visitors, Herriot met fake "peasants," all selected Communists or Komsomol members, who showed him healthy cattle.<ref>''Reflections'', p. 122</ref>  Herriot declared to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of it, and that this showed adversaries of the Soviet Union were spreading the rumor.  "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders," he declared.  The [[September 13]] [[1933]] issue of ''[[Pravda]]'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the

USSR."<ref>[http://colley.co.uk/garethjones/ukraine2005/Etienne%20Thevein%20%20English%20translation.pdf "France, Germany and Austria Facing the famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine"]</ref>.

USSR."<ref>[http://colley.co.uk/garethjones/ukraine2005/Etienne%20Thevein%20%20English%20translation.pdf "France, Germany and Austria Facing the famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine"]</ref>.

Orwell clearly knew of a press cover-up about the famine as in his 1945, Proposed Preface to Animal Farm he wrote:

Orwell clearly knew of a press cover-up about the famine as in his 1945, Proposed Preface to Animal Farm he wrote:

“…it was considered equally proper to publicise famines when they happened in India and to conceal them when they happened in the Ukraine. And if this was true before the war, the intellectual atmosphere is certainly no better now.”<ref>[http://www.colley.co.uk/garethjones/soviet_articles/farmer_jones-%20reorder.htm  Was Gareth Jones's surname behind George Orwell’s naming of ‘Farmer Jones' in Animal Farm?.]</ref> For an interesting 'work-in-progress' including a discussion on the influence of the Ukrainian Famine and Holodomor denial by Duranty on Orwell's book "Animal Farm" see Nigel Colley's article [http://www.colley.co.uk/garethjones/soviet_articles/farmer_jones-%20reorder.htm Was Gareth Jones's surname behind George Orwell’s naming of ‘Farmer Jones' in Animal Farm?].

“…it was considered equally proper to publicize famines when they happened in India and to conceal them when they happened in the Ukraine. And if this was true before the war, the intellectual atmosphere is certainly no better now.”<ref>[http://www.colley.co.uk/garethjones/soviet_articles/farmer_jones-%20reorder.htm  Was Gareth Jones's surname behind George Orwell’s naming of ‘Farmer Jones' in Animal Farm?.]</ref> For an interesting 'work-in-progress' including a discussion on the influence of the Ukrainian Famine and Holodomor denial by Duranty on Orwell's book "Animal Farm" see Nigel Colley's article [http://www.colley.co.uk/garethjones/soviet_articles/farmer_jones-%20reorder.htm Was Gareth Jones's surname behind George Orwell’s naming of ‘Farmer Jones' in Animal Farm?].

==Modern denial==

==Modern denial==

===The 50th Anniversary===

===The 50th Anniversary===

The rallying and lobbying of the Ukrainian Diaspora Community around the 50th anniversary of the Holodomor became a concern for the governing body of the Soviet Union.<ref name="symp"/> In February 1983, the [[Politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) activated its counter-[[propaganda]] section to focus on the Ukrainian famine. The head of the directorate for relations with foreign countries for the CPSU, A. Merkulov,<!-- what is his full name?--> was given the task of directing [[disinformation]] to the West and contacted [[Leonid Kravchuk]], the chief idealogue for the Communist Party in Ukraine. The materials were to be sent to the [[RIA Novosti|Novosti Press]] (APN) centres in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] to demonstrate the "antidemocratic base of the Ukrainian bourgeois Nationalists, the collaboration of the [[Stepan Bandera|Banderovtsev]] and the [[Adolf Hitler|Hitlerite]] Fascists during the [[World War II|Second World War]]."<ref>ЦГАООУ. Ф.1. Оп. 25 Д. 2719. Л.27-28. Подлинник.</ref><!-- Please check Bandera link -- that's what is meant there, right?  Also, it would be better to write the ref in Latin characters. -->

The rallying and lobbying of the Ukrainian Diaspora Community around the 50th anniversary of the Holodomor became a concern for the governing body of the Soviet Union.<ref name="symp"/> In February 1983, the [[Politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) activated its counter-[[propaganda]] section to focus on the Ukrainian famine. The head of the directorate for relations with foreign countries for the CPSU, A. Merkulov,<!-- what is his full name?--> was given the task of directing [[disinformation]] to the West and contacted [[Leonid Kravchuk]], the chief idealog for the Communist Party in Ukraine. The materials were to be sent to the [[RIA Novosti|Novosti Press]] (APN) centers in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] to demonstrate the "antidemocratic base of the Ukrainian bourgeois Nationalists, the collaboration of the [[Stepan Bandera|Banderovtsev]] and the [[Adolf Hitler|Hitlerite]] Fascists during the [[World War II|Second World War]]."<ref>ЦГАООУ. Ф.1. Оп. 25 Д. 2719. Л.27-28. Подлинник.</ref>

In preparation for the expected rise in activity associated with the 55th anniversary, the Soviet Union launched a campaign of disinformation.  In [[Canada]], the [[Association of United Ukrainian Canadians]] (a pro-Communist Labour temple<!-- what does temple mean here? --> movement in the Ukrainian community) published numerous articles denying the Holodomor in Ukraine in its English and Ukrainian language magazines and newspapers.  Through its chain of bookstore outlets, it distributed pamphlets and materials whose point supplied to them from the counterpropaganda section of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 2007, correspondence and instructions from Soviet sources to the organization regarding the Holodomor have been made available for study by scholars.

In preparation for the expected rise in activity associated with the 55th anniversary, the Soviet Union launched a campaign of disinformation.  In [[Canada]], the [[Association of United Ukrainian Canadians]] (a pro-Communist Labor temple (Hall) movement in the Ukrainian community) published numerous articles denying the Holodomor in Ukraine in its English and Ukrainian language magazines and newspapers.  Through its chain of bookstore outlets, it distributed pamphlets and materials whose point supplied to them from the counter-propaganda section of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 2007, correspondence and instructions from Soviet sources such as the [[Ukraina Society]] to the organization regarding the Holodomor have been made available for study by scholars.

In an open letter to [[Mikhail Gorbachov]] in August 1987, veteran dissident [[Viacheslav Chornovil]] wrote about the denial of the Holodomor by the Communist Party of the USSR, and also Western denial.<ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/historical/sovcrimes.htm "Soviet crimes remain unpunished"]</ref>

In an open letter to [[Mikhail Gorbachov]] in August 1987, veteran dissident [[Viacheslav Chornovil]] wrote about the denial of the Holodomor by the Communist Party of the USSR, and also Western denial.<ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/historical/sovcrimes.htm "Soviet crimes remain unpunished"]</ref>

===Douglas Tottle and Holodomor denial ===

===Douglas Tottle and Holodomor denial ===

In 1987 the Canadian trade-unionist and activist [[Douglas Tottle]], published the controversial book ''Fraud, Famine, and Fascism: the Ukrainian Genocide Myth from Hitler to Harvard'', where he claimed that the Holodomor was "fraudulent", and "a creation of [[Nazism|Nazi]] propagandists".<ref name="tottle">Douglas Tottle, [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/special/library/famine.htm/ "Fraud, famine, and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard"], Toronto: Progress Books, 1987. ISBN 0919396518</ref> By the author's own account, his book is only carried by 28 libraries around the world. His book, published by the pro-Communist ''Progress Publishers'' in [[Toronto]], appeared practically at the same time Ukrainian Communist party leader [[Volodymyr Shcherbytsky]] publicly acknowledged the Famine, in December 1987, and the book was subsequently withdrawn from circulation.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html link Letter from David R. Marples]</ref> Nevertheless, the book is available on the internet, and continues to be cited as an "invaluable" and "important" book by groups such as the [[Stalin Society]] in [[Great Britain]], author [[Jeff Coplon]], and others.

In 1987 the Canadian trade-unionist and activist [[Douglas Tottle]], published the controversial book ''Fraud, Famine, and Fascism: the Ukrainian Genocide Myth from Hitler to Harvard'', where he claimed that the Holodomor was "fraudulent", and "a creation of [[Nazism|Nazi]] propagandists".<ref name="tottle">Douglas Tottle, [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/special/library/famine.htm/ "Fraud, famine, and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard"], Toronto: Progress Books, 1987. ISBN 0919396518</ref> By the author's own account, his book is only carried by 28 libraries around the world. His book, published by the Communist ''Progress Publishers'' in [[Toronto]], appeared practically at the same time Ukrainian Communist party leader [[Volodymyr Shcherbytsky]] publicly acknowledged the Holodomor, in December 1987, and the book was subsequently withdrawn from circulation.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html link Letter from David R. Marples]</ref> Only the first two chapters of the book deal with the Famine in Ukraine. The rest is written to discredit the work done by western Scholars, to associate the Ukrainian diaspora in the West with Fascism, and to discredit the US support of Holodomore research. Nevertheless, the book is available on the internet, and continues to be cited as an "invaluable" and "important" book by groups such as the [[Stalin Society]] in [[Great Britain]], author [[Jeff Coplon]], and others.

In a review of Tottle's book in the ''[[Ukrainian Canadian Magazine]]'', published by the pro-Communist Association of United Ukrainian Canadians, [[Wilfred Szczesny]] wrote: "Members of the general public who want to know about the famine, its extent and causes, and about the motives and techniques of those who would make this tragedy into something other than what it was will find Tottle's work invaluable" (''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988, p. 24).<ref name="Szcz">[http://www.infoukes.com/history/famine/serbyn/ "The last stand of the Ukrainian famine-genocide deniers"]</ref>

In a review of Tottle's book in the ''[[Ukrainian Canadian Magazine]]'', published by the pro-Communist Association of United Ukrainian Canadians, [[Wilfred Szczesny]] wrote: "Members of the general public who want to know about the famine, its extent and causes, and about the motives and techniques of those who would make this tragedy into something other than what it was will find Tottle's work invaluable" (''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988, p. 24).<ref name="Szcz">[http://www.infoukes.com/history/famine/serbyn/ "The last stand of the Ukrainian famine-genocide deniers"]</ref>

===Jeff Coplon===

===Jeff Coplon===

Tottle's book inspired a number of articles by other Holodomor deniers, such as [[Jeff Coplon]]'s article ''"In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"''.<ref name="conlon">Jeff Coplon, [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/English/furr/vv.html  "In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', [[January 12]], [[1988]].</ref>  This article not only denies the Holodomor, but also tries to associate those who continued to bring the Holodomor to the attention of the public with the [[Nazism|Nazis]], even giving quotes from [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' to stress this point.

Tottle's book inspired a number of articles by other Holodomor deniers, such as [[Jeff Coplon]]'s article ''"In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"''.<ref name="coplon">Jeff Coplon, [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/English/furr/vv.html  "In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', [[January 12]], [[1988]].</ref>  This article not only denies the Holodomor, but also tries to associate those who continued to bring the Holodomor to the attention of the public with the [[Nazism|Nazis]], even giving quotes from [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' to stress this point.

<blockquote>

<blockquote>

<small>"Just as the Nazis used the OUN for their own ends, so has [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] exploited the famine, from his purple-prosed commemoration of "this callous act" to his backing of the Mace commission. ... But if people could be convinced that Communism is worse than fascism; that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was an insane monster, even worse than Hitler; that the seven million died in more unspeakable agony than the six million ...  One cannot appease an [[Evil empire|Evil Empire]], after all.<ref name="conlon" />

<small>"Just as the Nazis used the OUN for their own ends, so has [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] exploited the famine, from his purple-prosed commemoration of "this callous act" to his backing of the Mace commission. ... But if people could be convinced that Communism is worse than fascism; that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was an insane monster, even worse than Hitler; that the seven million died in more unspeakable agony than the six million ...  One cannot appease an [[Evil empire|Evil Empire]], after all.<ref name="conlon" />

</small></blockquote>

</small></blockquote>

Coplon also penned the article ''"Rewriting History - How Ukrainian nationalists imposed their doctored history on High School Students"'' heavily relying on Tottle with his additional comments regarding the inclusion the Holodomor as one of a number of subjects included in the curriculum for social studies classes in New York. In the article published in the magazine "CAPITAL Region" March 1988, he wrote: <blockquote>

Coplon also penned the article ''"Rewriting History - How Ukrainian nationalists imposed their doctored history on High School Students"'' heavily relying on Tottle's publication with his additional comments regarding the inclusion the Holodomor as one of a number of subjects included in the curriculum for social studies classes in New York. In the article published in the magazine "CAPITAL Region" March 1988, he wrote: <blockquote>

<small>''"The losers, of course, are the New York state schoolchildren, who will absorb this disinformation between algebra and chemistry - and may even be asked to parrot the fraud for a higher score on their regents exam."''</small>  

<small>''"The losers, of course, are the New York state schoolchildren, who will absorb this disinformation between algebra and chemistry - and may even be asked to parrot the fraud for a higher score on their regents exam."''</small>  

<ref>[http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/essays/coplonrewriting88.pdf Rewriting History - How Ukrainian nationalists imposed their doctored history on High School Students]</ref>

<ref>[http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/essays/coplonrewriting88.pdf Rewriting History - How Ukrainian nationalists imposed their doctored history on High School Students]</ref>

</blockquote>

</blockquote>

Other similar writings include an article by [[Wilfred Szczesny]] ("Fraud, Famine and Fascism", ''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988); an unsigned article ("The Ukrainian Famine: Fact or Fiction"), which appeared in the ''[[McGill Daily]]'', [[November 22]], [[1988]],<ref name="Szcz" /> and Challenge-Desafio's ("The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"),<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of  1932-33]</ref> which appeared in a newspaper of the [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]] in 1987.<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html "The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"], ''Challenge-Desafio'', [[February 25]], [[1987]].</ref>

Other similar writings include an article by [[Wilfred Szczesny]] ("Fraud, Famine and Fascism", ''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988); an unsigned article ("The Ukrainian Famine: Fact or Fiction"), which appeared in the ''[[McGill Daily]]'', [[November 22]], [[1988]],<ref name="Szcz" /> and Challenge-Desafio's ("The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"),<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of  1932-33]</ref> which appeared in a newspaper of the [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]] in 1987.<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html "The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"], ''Challenge-Desafio'', [[February 25]], [[1987]].</ref>

===Stephan Merl===

===Stephan Merl===

In 1989, [[Stephan Merl]] (a professor at [[Bielefeld University]]) published "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?".<ref>Stephan Merl, "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?", ''Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas'' 37 (1989), vol. 4, p. 569-590</ref> This publication, relying heavily on Tottle, describes the work of [[James Mace]] and [[Robert Conquest]] as part of a campaign by Ukrainian nationalists to discredit the Soviet Union and pillory liberal journalists like Walter Duranty.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html Letters of David Marples]</ref>

In 1989, [[Stephan Merl]] (a professor at [[Bielefeld University]]) published "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?".<ref>Stephan Merl, "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?", ''Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas'' 37 (1989), vol. 4, p. 569-590</ref> This publication, once again relying heavily on Tottle, describes the work of [[James Mace]] and [[Robert Conquest]] as part of a campaign by Ukrainian nationalists to discredit the Soviet Union and pillory liberal journalists like Walter Duranty.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html Letters of David Marples]</ref>

===Mario Sousa===

===Mario Sousa===

In 1998 [[Mario Sousa]] published "''Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union''"[http://www.mariosousa.se/LiesconcerningthehistoryoftheSovietUnion.html Lies concerning the history of the Soviet Union].  

In 1998 [[Mario Sousa]] published "''Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union''"[http://www.mariosousa.se/LiesconcerningthehistoryoftheSovietUnion.html Lies concerning the history of the Soviet Union].  

Sousa's arguments against the Holodomor are based on his interpretation that the early Holodomor campaign was started by the Nazi's and was later taken up and funded by Ukrainian refugees who he states were Nazi collaborators. It was later supported by the CIA during the [[Cold War]] specifically aimed at slandering and discrediting the Soviet government.

Sousa's arguments against the Holodomor are based on his interpretation that the early Holodomor campaign was started by the Nazi's and was later taken up and funded by Ukrainian refugees who he states were Nazi collaborators. Sousa continues that Holodomor scholarship was later supported by the CIA during the [[Cold War]] specifically aimed at slandering and discrediting the Soviet government.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

===The Stalin Society===

===The Stalin Society===

Holodomor denial continues into the 21st century with the publication of "''The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth''", a pamphlet penned by prominent British physician [[John Puntis]] and published in July 2002 by the [[Stalin Society]]. The Stalin Society itself has been described as "''tiny, ageing and schism-ridden''"<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article120991.ece "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe"], ''[[The Independent]]'', [[2 March]] [[2003]]</ref>. Once again heavily relying on Tottle, facts are reinterpreted with sources questioned, numbers questioned and the whole history of the famine made to look like the continuation of the Cold War<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html#After The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

Holodomor denial continues into the 21st century with the publication of "''The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth''", a pamphlet penned by prominent British physician [[John Puntis]] and published in July 2002 by the [[Stalin Society]]. The Stalin Society itself has been described as "''tiny, aging and schism-ridden''"<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article120991.ece "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe"], ''[[The Independent]]'', [[2 March]] [[2003]]</ref>. Once again heavily relying on Tottle, facts are reinterpreted with sources questioned, numbers questioned and the whole history of the famine made to look like the continuation of the Cold War<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html#After The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

==Holodomor denial in University courses==

==Holodomor denial in University courses==

In 2004 Toronto University offered a course on "The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question" by M. Rodsky. Rodsky took a revisionist version of Stalin and the history of the Soviet Union. In his third lecture in the series he approached "The Famine in Ukraine: What is the Truth?". The reading list consisted exclusively of materials that denied the existence of the Holodomor<ref>[http://individual.utoronto.ca/mrodden/study/ssustudy.html The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question]</ref>.

In 2004 Toronto University offered a history course on "The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question" by M. Rodsky. Rather than starting from a neutral point of view, Rodsky took a revisionist version of Stalin and the history of the Soviet Union. In his third lecture in the series he approached "The Famine in Ukraine: What is the Truth?". The reading list consisted exclusively of materials that denied the existence of the Holodomor<ref>[http://individual.utoronto.ca/mrodden/study/ssustudy.html The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question]</ref>.

* In Search of a SOVIET HOLOCAUST (short reading)[http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/vv.html Here]

* In Search of a SOVIET HOLOCAUST (short reading)[http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/vv.html Here]

* The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33 (longer reading)[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html here]

* The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33 (longer reading)[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html here]

* Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union by Mario Sousa (scroll down and read 'The myth concerning the famine in the Ukraine')

* Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union by Mario Sousa (scroll down and read 'The myth concerning the famine in the Ukraine')

* Maoist Internationalist Movement's Review of the [http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bookstore/commie.html The Black Book of Communism]'Black Book of Communism' (scroll down and read 'The Ukrainian famine')

* Maoist Internationalist Movement's Review of the [http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bookstore/commie.html The Black Book of Communism]'Black Book of Communism' (scroll down and read 'The Ukrainian famine')

==Symposia about Holodomor denial==

==Symposia about Holodomor denial==

In November 2007, an International Conference entitled ''The Ukrainian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides'' was organized by the [[Guarini Institute]], and held at [[John Cabot University]], in [[Italy]]. The Ukrainian Ambassador, [[Heorhiy Cheriavskyi]], addressed the conference and spoke about the importance of international education and recognition of the Ukrainian Holodomor. [[Federigo Argentieri]], from the Guarini Institute, read the paper: “''Ideology and Diplomacy: How the Ukrainian Famine Was—and Still is—Denied''.” In his presentation, Argentieri introduced the history of denial of the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33. Conflicting reports on the events in 1933 highlighted the willingness of the [[great power|Great Powers]] to ignore the plain facts witnessed by British government officials in the Soviet Union. At the time, political and economic interests took precedence over internal human rights matters. Argentieri noted that today, the famine remains virtually ignored, even in academic circles in the West.<ref>[http://intranet.johncabot.edu/myjcu/public_site/news.aspx?cat=News "The Ukranian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides"]</ref>

In November 2007, an International Conference entitled ''The Ukrainian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides'' was organized by the [[Guarini Institute]], and held at [[John Cabot University]], in [[Italy]]. The Ukrainian Ambassador, [[Heorhiy Cheriavskyi]], addressed the conference and spoke about the importance of international education and recognition of the Ukrainian Holodomor. [[Federigo Argentieri]], from the Guarini Institute, read the paper: “''Ideology and Diplomacy: How the Ukrainian Famine Was—and Still is—Denied''.” In his presentation, Argentieri introduced the history of denial of the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33. Conflicting reports on the events in 1933 highlighted the willingness of the [[great power|Great Powers]] to ignore the plain facts witnessed by British government officials in the Soviet Union. At the time, political and economic interests took precedence over internal human rights matters. Argentieri noted that today, the famine remains virtually ignored, even in academic circles in the West.<ref>[http://intranet.johncabot.edu/myjcu/public_site/news.aspx?cat=News "The Ukranian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides"]</ref>

==Holodomor denial and Ukrainian law==

==Holodomor denial and Ukrainian law==

On [[November 28]] [[2006]], Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law recognizing the 1932&ndash;1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people. The voting figures were as follows: supporting the bill were [[BYuT]]—118 deputies, [[NSNU]]—79 deputies, [[Socialist Party of Ukraine|Socialists]]—30 deputies, 4 independent deputies, and the [[Party of Regions]]—2 deputies (200 deputies did not cast a vote). The [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] voted against the bill.  In all, 233 deputies supported the bill—a minimum of 226 votes were required for it to be passed.<ref>[http://www.day.kiev.ua/179841/ "Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense"], [[3 April]] [[2007]]</ref><ref>[http://www.lucorg.com/luc/news.php?id=2241 "What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed"], [[February 28]], [[2007]]</ref>

On [[November 28]] [[2006]], Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law recognizing the 1932&ndash;1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people. The voting figures were as follows: supporting the bill were [[BYuT]]—118 deputies, [[NSNU]]—79 deputies, [[Socialist Party of Ukraine|Socialists]]—30 deputies, 4 independent deputies, and the [[Party of Regions]]—2 deputies (200 deputies did not cast a vote). The [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] voted against the bill.  In all, 233 deputies supported the bill—a minimum of 226 votes were required for it to be passed.<ref>[http://www.day.kiev.ua/179841/ "Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense"], [[3 April]] [[2007]]</ref><ref>[http://www.lucorg.com/luc/news.php?id=2241 "What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed"], [[February 28]], [[2007]]</ref>

==Video resources==

==Video resources==

* Harvest of Despair. (1983), produced by the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre.

* Harvest of Despair. (1983), produced by the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Center.