Changes

==Anatomy==

==Anatomy==

[[Image:Human_Skeleton.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Neanderthal (left) and modern human (right) skeletons, showing both the similarities and the differences between the species.]]

[[Image:Human_Skeleton.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Neanderthal (left) and modern human (right) skeletons, showing both the similarities and the differences between the two.]]

A Neanderthal was a fully erect biped of stocky build, with a long low skull, prominent brow ridges and [[occiputs]], and a jutting face.  

A Neanderthal was a fully erect biped of stocky build, with a long low skull, prominent brow ridges and [[occiputs]], and a jutting face.  

Neanderthals were on average more muscular than modern humans and lacked a chin. Presumably, they were social creatures living in small tribes, like other humans<!-- Cro magnons? --> of their time, Neanderthals also possessed the skull features required for speech <ref>Neanderthal Myths ''Neanderthal, Channel 4'' [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/N/neanderthal/]</ref>.

Neanderthals were on average more muscular than modern humans and lacked a chin. Presumably, they were social creatures living in small tribes, like other humans<!-- Cro magnons? --> of their time, Neanderthals also possessed the skull features required for speech <ref>Neanderthal Myths ''Neanderthal, Channel 4'' [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/N/neanderthal/]</ref>.

The popular impression of him as a stooping brute is incorrect and derives from the original poor reconstruction in the Neander valley. It has also been suggested that the first individual found suffered from vitamin D deficiency ([[rickets]]) or [[syphilis]].

The popular impression of him as a stooping brute is incorrect and derives from the original poor reconstruction in the Neander valley. It has also been suggested that the first individual found suffered from vitamin D deficiency ([[rickets]]) or [[syphilis]].

Whether Neanderthals did interbreed, or if this was even possible, is not agreed, and so far the small amounts of Neanderthal [[DNA]] found do not suggest a recent genetic link between the species

Whether Neanderthals did interbreed, or if this was even possible, is not agreed.

<ref>Odd man out: Neanderthals and modern humans ''British Archaeology'' [http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba51/ba51feat.html]</ref>.

Neantherthals had a gene associated with language and speech, that had the same variation as found in modern humans but is different from the equivalent gene found in [[chimpanzee]]s.<ref>Swaminathan, N., [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=cave-speak-did-neandertal Cave speak: Did Neandertals talk?], Scientific American News, 19th October 2007</ref>

Neanderthal also had an average brain size of 1,450 cc with a range from 1,125cc to 1,750cc.  Average modern human brain size is 1,330cc.  Many Neanderthal fossils have been recovered showing massive amounts of wear on the teeth, which to many physical anthropologists suggests that the teeth were regularly used for gripping skins during stretching and working.

Neanderthal also had an average brain size of 1,450 cc with a range from 1,125cc to 1,750cc.  Average modern human brain size is 1,330cc.  Many Neanderthal fossils have been recovered showing massive amounts of wear on the teeth, which to many physical anthropologists suggests that the teeth were regularly used for gripping skins during stretching and working.<ref>Klein, Richard. The Dawn of Human Culture. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.</ref>

<ref>Klein, Richard. The Dawn of Human Culture. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.</ref>

==Society==

==Society==