Changes

Under the Qing dynasty, marriage between members of the Chinese and Manchurians was forbidden, and the official spoken language remained Chinese.  Female infanticide occurred, as well as the practice of binding the feet of rich girls and, increasingly, middle class girls also.  The primary philosophy was Neo-Confucianism, a mixture of Buddhism and traditional Confucianism.  Jesuits attempted to evangelize China, but were not very successful.  Nevertheless, a Jesuit presence in China contributed to the exchange of ideas and technology between the East and the West.  

Under the Qing dynasty, marriage between members of the Chinese and Manchurians was forbidden, and the official spoken language remained Chinese.  Female infanticide occurred, as well as the practice of binding the feet of rich girls and, increasingly, middle class girls also.  The primary philosophy was Neo-Confucianism, a mixture of Buddhism and traditional Confucianism.  Jesuits attempted to evangelize China, but were not very successful.  Nevertheless, a Jesuit presence in China contributed to the exchange of ideas and technology between the East and the West.  

China did not withdraw completely from world trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties.  China continued to trade with the Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese and Dutch, mainly for silver, which had become the Chinese currency.  Under the Ming dynasty, beautiful blue and white porcelain was produced and exported.  The influence of the Ming vase spread throughout the Muslim and Christian worlds, as seen in Holland through the production of Delft pottery and in England, Wedgwood China.  Other Chinese exports included silk and tea, and imports consisted of spices, textiles and animal skins from Europe.  Maize, sweet potatoes and peanuts were brought over from the Americas and became popular crops in China.

China did not withdraw completely from world trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties.  China continued to trade with the Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese and Dutch, mainly for silver, which had become the Chinese currency, and with the Russians for furs.  Under the Ming dynasty, beautiful blue and white porcelain was produced and exported.  The influence of the Ming vase spread throughout the Muslim and Christian worlds, as seen in Holland through the production of Delft pottery and in England, Wedgwood China.  Other Chinese exports included silk and tea, and imports consisted of spices, textiles and animal skins from Europe.  Maize, sweet potatoes and peanuts were brought over from the Americas and became popular crops in China.

==Growth of Nation-States and Monarchs==

==Growth of Nation-States and Monarchs==