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Line 24: − − == Societal Problems == − − Scotland, like many developed countries, has a great number of social and ethical challenges as church attendance<ref>[http://www.unavoce.org/scotland.htm The Once-Heroic Church in Scotland]</ref> has plummeted to an all-time low.<ref>Church attendance is just over 7% of Scottish adults. In 1962 Scotland had 26,015 baptisms. In 1998, there were only 9,951.</ref> − Currently some 40% of births are to unmarried mothers, the trend being upwards. In 2003/4 there were 7.5 conceptions per 1000 for 13-15 year olds and 68.2 conceptions per 1000 for 16-19 year olds with over 50% of the 13-15 year olds being pressured into [[abortion]]. <ref>[http://www.brook.org.uk/content/M6_4_teenage%20pregnancy.asp Teenage pregnancy]]</ref>. In Scotland, 93% of men and 87% of women aged 16-74 drink alcohol. The proportion of [[public school]] pupils aged 12-15 who had had an alcoholic drink in the previous week has risen in the last decade from 14% in 1990 to 21% in 2000. Death rates from alcohol have risen over 100% between 1990 and 2000, the rates for women being nearer 200%.<ref>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/health/alcoholproblems/docs/paap1-00.asp Statistics on Alcohol in Scotland]</ref> Abuse of [[illegal drugs]] is also increasing rapidly. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/653646.stm Drug abuse increasing]</ref> − − ==Cities== − [[Image:Scotland.gif|thumb|right|250px|A map of Scotland.]] − − Scotland has four major cities. They are [[Aberdeen]], [[Dundee]], [[Edinburgh]] and [[Glasgow]]. [[Inverness]] and [[Stirling]] were granted city status recently but are in fact smaller than some of the larger Scottish towns like Paisley and Perth. Line 47:
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more history
[[Ben Nevis]], the highest mountain in the [[United Kingdom]], is in the Scottish [[Highlands of Scotland|Highlands]], as are most of the nation's highest mountains. Those with heights above 3000 feet are eponymously named [[Munro| Munros]] after Sir Hector Munro, the first person to compile a list of such mountains.<ref> for a complete list of Munros see http://www.sol.co.uk/d/dickwall/munroes.htm</ref>
[[Ben Nevis]], the highest mountain in the [[United Kingdom]], is in the Scottish [[Highlands of Scotland|Highlands]], as are most of the nation's highest mountains. Those with heights above 3000 feet are eponymously named [[Munro| Munros]] after Sir Hector Munro, the first person to compile a list of such mountains.<ref> for a complete list of Munros see http://www.sol.co.uk/d/dickwall/munroes.htm</ref>
==History==
==History==
:"...for, as long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we on any conditions be brought under English rule. It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom – for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself."
:"...for, as long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we on any conditions be brought under English rule. It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom – for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself."
Scotland's independence was finally secured by the brave deeds of the knight William Wallace and King Robert the Bruce.
Scotland's independence was finally secured by the brave deeds of the knight William Wallace and King Robert the Bruce at the [[battle of Bannockburn]].
By the 16th century many Scots had come to mistrust the rule of [[Vatican City|Rome]] and the false [[doctrine]]s and [[malpractice]]s within the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Most, led by [[John Knox]], joined the [[Protestant Reformation]] that had been inspired by [[Martin Luther]] nailing his [[95 Theses]] to the door of a church in Wittenburg [[Germany]]. This struggle for religious dignity was not easy and the wrath of Rome was both bloody and brutal. Many Scots [[Martyrs to the faith]], such as [[Patrick Hamilton]], [[Walter Myln]] and [[George Wishart]] were murdered by Roman Catholics and are commemorated to this day at the [[Martyrs' Monument]]. Scotland was finally liberated from the yoke of Rome in 1560 with the establishment of the [[Presbyterian]] Church.
[[England]] also broke from Rome but this had little to do with abhorrence at the false doctrines and malpractices of the Roman catholic Church but was motivated by King [[Henry VIII]]'s lust for women, with which even the Pope was appalled, refusing to allow him to divorce wives which he no longer wished to have. Henry had them murdered instead so he could remarry. He finally split with Rome over the issue forming the Anglican [[Church of England]], of which he was head. Anglican practices remained similar to those of Rome and in Recent years many Anglicans have rejoined the Church of Rome.
Being English, this new church set out to control religious matters in Scotland, insisting the King of England have supremacy over the Church of Scotland. The protestant Scots would have none of that, knowing that the only true authority is the [[Bible]], not Popes or Kings. In Scotland the Bible was made available to all by its publication in the common language and universal education enabling everyone to read it themselves. Once again having to defend their religious dignity against corrupt [[zealot]]s, the Scottish [[Coventanters]] made great sacrifices against the ensuing English blood-lust and brutality. An insprational example being [[John Brown (Martyr)|John Brown]] who was murdered outside his cottage home in the presence of his wife, Isabel, and two children. Eventually, the Scots ensured their religious dignity.
==Union with England==
==Union with England==
He pointed out that he as MP for West Lothian could vote on matters affecting English constituencies but not his own constituency.
He pointed out that he as MP for West Lothian could vote on matters affecting English constituencies but not his own constituency.
== Societal Problems ==
Scotland, like many developed countries, has a great number of social and ethical challenges as church attendance<ref>[http://www.unavoce.org/scotland.htm The Once-Heroic Church in Scotland]</ref> has plummeted to an all-time low.<ref>Church attendance is just over 7% of Scottish adults. In 1962 Scotland had 26,015 baptisms. In 1998, there were only 9,951.</ref>
Currently some 40% of births are to unmarried mothers, the trend being upwards. In 2003/4 there were 7.5 conceptions per 1000 for 13-15 year olds and 68.2 conceptions per 1000 for 16-19 year olds with over 50% of the 13-15 year olds being pressured into [[abortion]]. <ref>[http://www.brook.org.uk/content/M6_4_teenage%20pregnancy.asp Teenage pregnancy]]</ref>. In Scotland, 93% of men and 87% of women aged 16-74 drink alcohol. The proportion of [[public school]] pupils aged 12-15 who had had an alcoholic drink in the previous week has risen in the last decade from 14% in 1990 to 21% in 2000. Death rates from alcohol have risen over 100% between 1990 and 2000, the rates for women being nearer 200%.<ref>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/health/alcoholproblems/docs/paap1-00.asp Statistics on Alcohol in Scotland]</ref> Abuse of [[illegal drugs]] is also increasing rapidly. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/653646.stm Drug abuse increasing]</ref>
==Cities==
[[Image:Scotland.gif|thumb|right|250px|A map of Scotland.]]
Scotland has four major cities. They are [[Aberdeen]], [[Dundee]], [[Edinburgh]] and [[Glasgow]]. [[Inverness]] and [[Stirling]] were granted city status recently but are in fact smaller than some of the larger Scottish towns like Paisley and Perth.
== Sports and culture==
== Sports and culture==