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'''Newcastle upon Tyne''' (usually referred to simply as Newcastle or locally as 'Toon') is a city in the northeast of [[England]], 280 miles north of [[London]] and located on the main railway and road between London and [[Edinburgh]]. It has many interesting [[bridges]] across the [[River Tyne]]. It has a population of 270,000, and has existed since being founded by the Roman emperor [[Hadrian]]. The people of Newcastle are known as "Geordies" and have a distinctive accent.
'''Newcastle upon Tyne''' (usually referred to simply as Newcastle or locally as 'Toon') is a city in the northeast of [[England]], 280 miles north of [[London]] and located on the main railway and road between London and [[Edinburgh]]. It has many interesting [[bridge]]s across the [[River Tyne]]. It has a population of 270,000, and has existed since being founded by the [[Rome|Roman]] emperor [[Hadrian]]. The people of Newcastle are known as "Geordies" and have a distinctive accent.
The New Castle for which the city was named was first established in 1080 at a strategic crossing-point of the [[River Tyne]] and a medieval borough was chartered to serve the castle. In 1400 Newcastle became 'the town and county of Newcastle upon Tyne' - that is, it was removed from the authority of the Sheriff of [[Northumberland]] and became a county in its own right. It became a city in 1882, and St Nicholas's church was elevated to become a [[cathedral]] in 1906, when the [[diocese]] of Newcastle was formed from the diocese of [[Durham]].
The New Castle for which the city was named was first established in 1080 at a strategic crossing-point of the [[River Tyne]] and a medieval borough was chartered to serve the castle. In 1400 Newcastle became 'the town and county of Newcastle upon Tyne' - that is, it was removed from the authority of the Sheriff of [[Northumberland]] and became a county in its own right. It became a city in 1882, and St Nicholas's church was elevated to become a [[cathedral]] in 1906, when the [[diocese]] of Newcastle was formed from the diocese of [[Durham]].