Changes

The Soviet stance was supported by Soviet-friendly journalists in the [[Western world|West]], such as [[Walter Duranty]] and [[Louis Fischer]].  Today, Holodomor denial continues to exist among leftist fringe writers and pseudo-scholars. It is not supported by serious academic scholars.   

The Soviet stance was supported by Soviet-friendly journalists in the [[Western world|West]], such as [[Walter Duranty]] and [[Louis Fischer]].  Today, Holodomor denial continues to exist among leftist fringe writers and pseudo-scholars. It is not supported by serious academic scholars.   

In 1997 the Soviet Union finally aknowleged the Holodomor. In November 2006, the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]] passed a bill branding the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.<ref>Jan Maksymiuk, [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/11/03ac02a4-6e3a-481b-8932-fafd4c13abab.html "Ukraine: Parliament Recognizes Soviet-Era Famine As Genocide"], ''[[Radio Free Europe|RFE/RL]]'', [[November 29]], [[2006]]</ref>  In November 2007, the [[government of Ukraine]] tabled a law which would make public statements of both Holodomor and [[Holocaust denial]] illegal acts in Ukraine.

In 1997 the Soviet Union finally aknowleged the Holodomor. In November 2006, the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]] passed a bill branding the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.<ref>Jan Maksymiuk, [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/11/03ac02a4-6e3a-481b-8932-fafd4c13abab.html "Ukraine: Parliament Recognizes Soviet-Era Famine As Genocide"], ''[[Radio Free Europe|RFE/RL]]'', November 29, 2006</ref>  In November 2007, the [[government of Ukraine]] tabled a law which would make public statements of both Holodomor and [[Holocaust denial]] illegal acts in Ukraine.

==Soviet Union==

==Soviet Union==

While the famine was taking place, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] authorities denied its existence.  It was a criminal offense to mention the famine, punishable with a five-year term in the [[Gulag]] [[labor camp]]s; placing the blame on the authorities led to a death sentence.<ref name="reflections">[[Robert Conquest]] ''Reflections on a Ravaged Century'' (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, p. 96</ref>

While the famine was taking place, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] authorities denied its existence.  It was a criminal offense to mention the famine, punishable with a five-year term in the [[Gulag]] [[labor camp]]s; placing the blame on the authorities led to a death sentence.<ref name="reflections">[[Robert Conquest]] ''Reflections on a Ravaged Century'' (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, p. 96</ref>

As a result the population growth failed to meet the expected targets set by the Communist party.  When this became evident from the population statistics data, three successive heads of the [[Goskomstat|Soviet Central Statistical Administration]] were executed, while others were arrested.<ref>Lisa Shymko, [http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=12306 "The Politics of Genocide"], ''[[The American Spectator]]'', [[November 14]] [[2007]]</ref>

As a result the population growth failed to meet the expected targets set by the Communist party.  When this became evident from the population statistics data, three successive heads of the [[Goskomstat|Soviet Central Statistical Administration]] were executed, while others were arrested.<ref>Lisa Shymko, [http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=12306 "The Politics of Genocide"], ''[[The American Spectator]]'', November 14 2007</ref>

The [[Soviet Census (1937)|1937 Soviet Census]] was thought to be exemplary due to its apparent thoroughness and near-perfect organization.  Government officials in charge of the census received state awards immediately upon the census conclusion.  When it became apparent that the final population figures were significantly lower than expected, the results were classified and the census organizers were repressed.  The new [[Soviet Census (1939)|1939 census]] was organized in such a way as to have certainly inflated data on population numbers. It showed a population figure of 170.6 million people, manipulated so as to match the numbers stated by [[Joseph Stalin]] in his report to the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party. No other censuses were conducted until 1959.

The [[Soviet Census (1937)|1937 Soviet Census]] was thought to be exemplary due to its apparent thoroughness and near-perfect organization.  Government officials in charge of the census received state awards immediately upon the census conclusion.  When it became apparent that the final population figures were significantly lower than expected, the results were classified and the census organizers were repressed.  The new [[Soviet Census (1939)|1939 census]] was organized in such a way as to have certainly inflated data on population numbers. It showed a population figure of 170.6 million people, manipulated so as to match the numbers stated by [[Joseph Stalin]] in his report to the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party. No other censuses were conducted until 1959.

In an interview with [[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones]] in March 1933, Soviet Foreign Minister [[Maxim Litvinov]] stated, “Well, there is no famine", and went on to say, "You must take a longer view. The present hunger is temporary. In writing books you must have a longer view.  It would be difficult to describe it as hunger.”<ref name="Jones-Litvinov">[[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones]], [http://www.colley.co.uk/garethjones/st_patricks/litvinov_famine_denia_oldl.htm Interview with Maxim Litvinov], March 1933</ref>

In an interview with [[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones]] in March 1933, Soviet Foreign Minister [[Maxim Litvinov]] stated, “Well, there is no famine", and went on to say, "You must take a longer view. The present hunger is temporary. In writing books you must have a longer view.  It would be difficult to describe it as hunger.”<ref name="Jones-Litvinov">[[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones]], [http://www.colley.co.uk/garethjones/st_patricks/litvinov_famine_denia_oldl.htm Interview with Maxim Litvinov], March 1933</ref>

On instructions from Litvinov, Boris Skvirsky, embassy counselor of the recently opened Soviet Embassy in the [[United States]], published a letter on [[January 3]], [[1934]], in response to a pamphlet about the Holodomor.<ref name="Carynnyk">Marco Carynnyk, [http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1983/398325.shtml "The New York Times and the Great Famine"], ''The Ukrainian Weekly'', [[September 25]], [[1983]], No. 39, Vol. LI</ref> In his letter, Skvirsky stated that the idea that the Soviet government was "deliberately killing the population of the Ukraine" "wholly grotesque." He claimed that the Ukrainian population was increasing at an annual rate of 2 percent during the preceding five years. He asserted that the death rate in Ukraine "was the lowest of that of any of the constituent republics composing the Soviet Union," concluding that it "was about 35 percent lower than the pre-war death rate of [[Russian Empire|tsarist]] days."<ref name="Mace">James E. Mace, [http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml "Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine"] (paper delivered at a conference on "Recognition and Denial of Genocide and Mass Killing in the 20th Century", held in [[New York City]] on [[November 13]], [[1987]]), ''[[The Ukrainian Weekly]]'', [[January 10]], [[1988]], No. 2, Vol. LVI</ref>

On instructions from Litvinov, Boris Skvirsky, embassy counselor of the recently opened Soviet Embassy in the [[United States]], published a letter on January 3, 1934, in response to a pamphlet about the Holodomor.<ref name="Carynnyk">Marco Carynnyk, [http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1983/398325.shtml "The New York Times and the Great Famine"], ''The Ukrainian Weekly'', September 25, 1983, No. 39, Vol. LI</ref> In his letter, Skvirsky stated that the idea that the Soviet government was "deliberately killing the population of the Ukraine" "wholly grotesque." He claimed that the Ukrainian population was increasing at an annual rate of 2 percent during the preceding five years. He asserted that the death rate in Ukraine "was the lowest of that of any of the constituent republics composing the Soviet Union," concluding that it "was about 35 percent lower than the pre-war death rate of [[Russian Empire|tsarist]] days."<ref name="Mace">James E. Mace, [http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml "Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine"] (paper delivered at a conference on "Recognition and Denial of Genocide and Mass Killing in the 20th Century", held in [[New York City]] on November 13, 1987), ''[[The Ukrainian Weekly]]'', January 10, 1988, No. 2, Vol. LVI</ref>

===The early 1980s===

===The early 1980s===

In 1983 for the first time, Holodomor remembrance was co-ordinated by the Ukrainian community world wide. The [[Ukrainian diaspora]] exerted pressure on the media and various governments, including the governments of the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], to raise the issue of the Holodomor with the government of the Soviet Union. The United States created a Commission into the famine. The Soviet authorities predicted this commission would place the Soviet state responsible for the act.<ref name="symp">[http://www.cym.org/au/archives/Holodomor.pdf The Great Famine of 1932-33 - A Symposium], [[22 October]], [[2003]], pp.4-5</ref>

In 1983 for the first time, Holodomor remembrance was co-ordinated by the Ukrainian community world wide. The [[Ukrainian diaspora]] exerted pressure on the media and various governments, including the governments of the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], to raise the issue of the Holodomor with the government of the Soviet Union. The United States created a Commission into the famine. The Soviet authorities predicted this commission would place the Soviet state responsible for the act.<ref name="symp">[http://www.cym.org/au/archives/Holodomor.pdf The Great Famine of 1932-33 - A Symposium], 22 October, 2003, pp.4-5</ref>

In an attempt to counter this, the [[Soviet government]] admitted that some peasantry died to climatic conditions mainly [[drought]].

In an attempt to counter this, the [[Soviet government]] admitted that some peasantry died to climatic conditions mainly [[drought]].

===Glasnost and the late 1980s===

===Glasnost and the late 1980s===

The future [[President of Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]], was charged in 1983 with finding rainfall evidence for the 1930s famine. However, Kravchuk's inquiry into the rainfalls for the 1933-1932 period found that they were within normal parameters.<ref name="Bandera">Stephen Bandera, [http://www.homin.ca/news_view.php?category=top&news=1016&lang=en "Holodomor as a source of national unity"], ''Ukrainian Echo'', [[February 5]], [[2007]]</ref>

The future [[President of Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]], was charged in 1983 with finding rainfall evidence for the 1930s famine. However, Kravchuk's inquiry into the rainfalls for the 1933-1932 period found that they were within normal parameters.<ref name="Bandera">Stephen Bandera, [http://www.homin.ca/news_view.php?category=top&news=1016&lang=en "Holodomor as a source of national unity"], ''Ukrainian Echo'', February 5, 2007</ref>

It was only during the late 1980s that the Soviet Government admitted that its agricultural policies played a direct role in the causing Holodomor. Ultimately, as President of Ukraine, Kravchuk would admit to the cover-up attempts, and support in recognizing the Holodomor as genocide.<ref name="Bandera"/>

It was only during the late 1980s that the Soviet Government admitted that its agricultural policies played a direct role in the causing Holodomor. Ultimately, as President of Ukraine, Kravchuk would admit to the cover-up attempts, and support in recognizing the Holodomor as genocide.<ref name="Bandera"/>

===Walter Duranty and ''The New York Times''===

===Walter Duranty and ''The New York Times''===

One of the first Western Holodomor deniers was [[Walter Duranty]]. Duranty was the winner of the 1932 [[Pulitzer prize]] in journalism in the category of correspondence, for his dispatches on [[Russia]] and the working out of the [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five Year Plan]].<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf "Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes regarding Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize"] ([[December 30]], [[2002]]&ndash;[[April 28]], [[2003]])</ref> While the famine was raging, he wrote in the pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' that "Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda," and that "There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition."<ref>[[Arnold Beichman]], [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/791vwuaz.asp ''Pulitzer-Winning Lies''], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', [[June 12]] [[2003]]</ref>

One of the first Western Holodomor deniers was [[Walter Duranty]]. Duranty was the winner of the 1932 [[Pulitzer prize]] in journalism in the category of correspondence, for his dispatches on [[Russia]] and the working out of the [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five Year Plan]].<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf "Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes regarding Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize"] (December 30, 2002&ndash;April 28, 2003)</ref> While the famine was raging, he wrote in the pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' that "Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda," and that "There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition."<ref>[[Arnold Beichman]], [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/791vwuaz.asp ''Pulitzer-Winning Lies''], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', June 12, 2003</ref>

In his reports, Duranty downplayed the impact of food shortages in Ukraine. In private however, he told [[Eugene Lyons]] and reported to the [[United Kingdom|British]] Embassy that at least seven million had died of famine <ref> Embassy dispatch dated [[30 September]] [[1933]] included the following: "According to Mr. Duranty the population of [[North Caucasus]] and the Lower [[Volga River|Volga]] had decreased in the past year by three million, and the population of Ukraine by four to five million" (cited from ''"Reflections on the ravaged century"'', p. 123)</ref>. Duranty acted more like a spokesman for the Soviet government than an independent reporter for a Western newspaper.  As Duranty wrote in a dispatch from Moscow in March 1933, "Conditions are bad, but there is no famine... But—to put it brutally—you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs."<ref name="NYT">[http://www.nytco.com/company/awards/statement.html "New York Times Statement About 1932 Pulitzer Prize Awarded to Walter Duranty"]</ref>

In his reports, Duranty downplayed the impact of food shortages in Ukraine. In private however, he told [[Eugene Lyons]] and reported to the [[United Kingdom|British]] Embassy that at least seven million had died of famine <ref> Embassy dispatch dated 30 September 1933 included the following: "According to Mr. Duranty the population of [[North Caucasus]] and the Lower [[Volga River|Volga]] had decreased in the past year by three million, and the population of Ukraine by four to five million" (cited from ''"Reflections on the ravaged century"'', p. 123)</ref>. Duranty acted more like a spokesman for the Soviet government than an independent reporter for a Western newspaper.  As Duranty wrote in a dispatch from Moscow in March 1933, "Conditions are bad, but there is no famine... But—to put it brutally—you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs."<ref name="NYT">[http://www.nytco.com/company/awards/statement.html "New York Times Statement About 1932 Pulitzer Prize Awarded to Walter Duranty"]</ref>

Duranty wrote articles denying the fact that the Holodomor was taking place in Ukraine. He also wrote denunciations of those who wrote about the famine, accusing them of being reactionaries and [[anti-communism|anti-Bolshevik]] [[propaganda|propagandists]]. Duranty continued to repeat Soviet disinformation without verifying its veracity. As the ''New York Times'' notes: "Taking Soviet propaganda at face value this way was completely misleading, as talking with ordinary Russians might have revealed even at the time."<ref name="NYT"/>  

Duranty wrote articles denying the fact that the Holodomor was taking place in Ukraine. He also wrote denunciations of those who wrote about the famine, accusing them of being reactionaries and [[anti-communism|anti-Bolshevik]] [[propaganda|propagandists]]. Duranty continued to repeat Soviet disinformation without verifying its veracity. As the ''New York Times'' notes: "Taking Soviet propaganda at face value this way was completely misleading, as talking with ordinary Russians might have revealed even at the time."<ref name="NYT"/>  

In August 1933, [[Theodor Cardinal Innitzer]] of [[Vienna]] called for relief efforts, stating that the Ukrainian famine was claiming lives “likely. . . numbered. . . by the millions” and driving those still alive to [[infanticide]] and [[cannibalism]]. ''The New York Times'', [[August 20]], [[1933]], reported Innitzer’s charge and published an official denial: “in the Soviet Union we have neither [[cannibalism|cannibals]] nor [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]]”. The next day, the Times added Duranty’s own denial.   

In August 1933, [[Theodor Cardinal Innitzer]] of [[Vienna]] called for relief efforts, stating that the Ukrainian famine was claiming lives “likely. . . numbered. . . by the millions” and driving those still alive to [[infanticide]] and [[cannibalism]]. ''The New York Times'', August 20, 1933, reported Innitzer’s charge and published an official denial: “in the Soviet Union we have neither [[cannibalism|cannibals]] nor [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]]”. The next day, the Times added Duranty’s own denial.   

[[United Kingdom|British]] journalist [[Malcolm Muggeridge]] characterized Duranty as "the greatest liar of any journalist I have met in 50 years of journalism."<ref>[[Robert Conquest]]. ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine'' [[Oxford University Press]] (1987), ISBN 0195051807, page 320. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Bp31GmfH-6YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=harvest+of+sorrow&sig=ONivvVYlMPCPY0pb41NXw-AL8dE#PPA320,M1]</ref>   

[[United Kingdom|British]] journalist [[Malcolm Muggeridge]] characterized Duranty as "the greatest liar of any journalist I have met in 50 years of journalism."<ref>[[Robert Conquest]]. ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine'' [[Oxford University Press]] (1987), ISBN 0195051807, page 320. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Bp31GmfH-6YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=harvest+of+sorrow&sig=ONivvVYlMPCPY0pb41NXw-AL8dE#PPA320,M1]</ref>   

===Communist Party of the USA ===

===Communist Party of the USA ===

The Ukrainian American community upon receiving reports of the Famine in November and December 1933 organized marches in a number of U.S. cities to protest against American recognition of a government which was starving millions of Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> [[Communist Party USA|American Communists]] resorted to violence in an attempt to silence the Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref><ref>[http://www.shevchenko.org/famine/21_27.htm Dushnyck, Walter.  50 Years Ago: The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine: Terror and Human Misery as Instruments of Russian Imperialism]</ref> On [[November 18]], [[1933]], in [[New York City]], 8,000 Ukrainians marched from [[Washington Square Park, New York|Washington Square Park]] to 67th Street, while 500 Communists ran beside the parade and snatched the Ukrainians' handbills, spat on the marchers and tried to hit them.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> Five persons were injured.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref> Only the presence of 300 policemen on foot and a score on horseback leading the parade and riding along its flanks prevented serious trouble.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">

The Ukrainian American community upon receiving reports of the Famine in November and December 1933 organized marches in a number of U.S. cities to protest against American recognition of a government which was starving millions of Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> [[Communist Party USA|American Communists]] resorted to violence in an attempt to silence the Ukrainians.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref><ref>[http://www.shevchenko.org/famine/21_27.htm Dushnyck, Walter.  50 Years Ago: The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine: Terror and Human Misery as Instruments of Russian Imperialism]</ref> On November 18, 1933, in [[New York City]], 8,000 Ukrainians marched from [[Washington Square Park, New York|Washington Square Park]] to 67th Street, while 500 Communists ran beside the parade and snatched the Ukrainians' handbills, spat on the marchers and tried to hit them.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref>[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> Five persons were injured.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref> Only the presence of 300 policemen on foot and a score on horseback leading the parade and riding along its flanks prevented serious trouble.<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">

In [[Chicago]], on [[December 17]], [[1933]], several hundred Communists mounted a massed attack on the vanguard of 5,000 Ukrainian American marchers, leaving over 100 injured in what ''The New York Times'' called "the worst riot in years":

In [[Chicago]], on December 17, 1933, several hundred Communists mounted a massed attack on the vanguard of 5,000 Ukrainian American marchers, leaving over 100 injured in what ''The New York Times'' called "the worst riot in years":

"Brick, clubs, rotten eggs and other missiles rained on the marchers from the Hermitage Avenue elevated station bridging Madison Street. The street fight which followed saw brass knuckles, blackjacks, fists and rifle butts used until a dozen squads of police restored order."<ref name="Mace"/>

"Brick, clubs, rotten eggs and other missiles rained on the marchers from the Hermitage Avenue elevated station bridging Madison Street. The street fight which followed saw brass knuckles, blackjacks, fists and rifle butts used until a dozen squads of police restored order."<ref name="Mace"/>

In 1934 the British Foreign Office in the House of Lords stated that there was no evidence to support the allegations against the Soviet government regarding the Famine in Ukraine. The testimony of Sir John Maynard, a renowned famine expert who visited the Ukraine in the summer of 1933 rejected tales of famine-genocide propagated by the Ukrainians<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

In 1934 the British Foreign Office in the House of Lords stated that there was no evidence to support the allegations against the Soviet government regarding the Famine in Ukraine. The testimony of Sir John Maynard, a renowned famine expert who visited the Ukraine in the summer of 1933 rejected tales of famine-genocide propagated by the Ukrainians<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

The height of manipulation was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between [[August 26]] and [[September 9]], [[1933]], by [[Prime Minister of France|French Prime Minister]] [[Edouard Herriot]], who denied accounts of the famine.  The day before his arrival, all beggars, homeless children and starving people were removed from the streets.  Shop windows in local stores were filled with food, but purchases were forbidden, and anyone coming too close to the stores was arrested.  The streets were washed.  Just like all other [[Western World|Western]] visitors, Herriot met fake "peasants," all selected Communists or Komsomol members, who showed him healthy cattle.<ref>''Reflections'', p. 122</ref>  Herriot declared to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of it, and that this showed adversaries of the Soviet Union were spreading the rumor.  "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders," he declared.  The [[September 13]] [[1933]] issue of ''[[Pravda]]'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the

The height of manipulation was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between August 26 and September 9, 1933, by [[Prime Minister of France|French Prime Minister]] [[Edouard Herriot]], who denied accounts of the famine.  The day before his arrival, all beggars, homeless children and starving people were removed from the streets.  Shop windows in local stores were filled with food, but purchases were forbidden, and anyone coming too close to the stores was arrested.  The streets were washed.  Just like all other [[Western World|Western]] visitors, Herriot met fake "peasants," all selected Communists or Komsomol members, who showed him healthy cattle.<ref>''Reflections'', p. 122</ref>  Herriot declared to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of it, and that this showed adversaries of the Soviet Union were spreading the rumor.  "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders," he declared.  The September 13 1933 issue of ''[[Pravda]]'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the

USSR."<ref>[http://colley.co.uk/garethjones/ukraine2005/Etienne%20Thevein%20%20English%20translation.pdf "France, Germany and Austria Facing the famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine"]</ref>.

USSR."<ref>[http://colley.co.uk/garethjones/ukraine2005/Etienne%20Thevein%20%20English%20translation.pdf "France, Germany and Austria Facing the famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine"]</ref>.

===Jeff Coplon===

===Jeff Coplon===

Tottle's book inspired a number of articles by other Holodomor deniers, such as [[Jeff Coplon]]'s article ''"In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"''.<ref name="coplon">Jeff Coplon, [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/English/furr/vv.html  "In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', [[January 12]], [[1988]].</ref>  This article not only denies the Holodomor, but also tries to associate those who continued to bring the Holodomor to the attention of the public with the [[Nazism|Nazis]], even giving quotes from [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' to stress this point.

Tottle's book inspired a number of articles by other Holodomor deniers, such as [[Jeff Coplon]]'s article ''"In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"''.<ref name="coplon">Jeff Coplon, [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/English/furr/vv.html  "In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', January 12, 1988.</ref>  This article not only denies the Holodomor, but also tries to associate those who continued to bring the Holodomor to the attention of the public with the [[Nazism|Nazis]], even giving quotes from [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' to stress this point.

<blockquote>

<blockquote>

<small>"Just as the Nazis used the OUN for their own ends, so has [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] exploited the famine, from his purple-prosed commemoration of "this callous act" to his backing of the Mace commission. ... But if people could be convinced that Communism is worse than fascism; that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was an insane monster, even worse than Hitler; that the seven million died in more unspeakable agony than the six million ...  One cannot appease an [[Evil empire|Evil Empire]], after all.<ref name="conlon" />

<small>"Just as the Nazis used the OUN for their own ends, so has [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] exploited the famine, from his purple-prosed commemoration of "this callous act" to his backing of the Mace commission. ... But if people could be convinced that Communism is worse than fascism; that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was an insane monster, even worse than Hitler; that the seven million died in more unspeakable agony than the six million ...  One cannot appease an [[Evil empire|Evil Empire]], after all.<ref name="conlon" />

</blockquote>

</blockquote>

Other similar writings include an article by [[Wilfred Szczesny]] ("Fraud, Famine and Fascism", ''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988); an unsigned article ("The Ukrainian Famine: Fact or Fiction"), which appeared in the ''[[McGill Daily]]'', [[November 22]], [[1988]],<ref name="Szcz" /> and Challenge-Desafio's ("The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"),<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of  1932-33]</ref> which appeared in a newspaper of the [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]] in 1987.<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html "The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"], ''Challenge-Desafio'', [[February 25]], [[1987]].</ref>

Other similar writings include an article by [[Wilfred Szczesny]] ("Fraud, Famine and Fascism", ''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988); an unsigned article ("The Ukrainian Famine: Fact or Fiction"), which appeared in the ''[[McGill Daily]]'', November 22, 1988,<ref name="Szcz" /> and Challenge-Desafio's ("The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"),<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of  1932-33]</ref> which appeared in a newspaper of the [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]] in 1987.<ref>[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html "The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33"], ''Challenge-Desafio'', February 25, 1987.</ref>

===Stephan Merl===

===Stephan Merl===

===The Stalin Society===

===The Stalin Society===

Holodomor denial continues into the 21st century with the publication of "''The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth''", a pamphlet penned by prominent British physician [[John Puntis]] and published in July 2002 by the [[Stalin Society]]. The Stalin Society itself has been described as "''tiny, aging and schism-ridden''"<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article120991.ece "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe"], ''[[The Independent]]'', [[2 March]] [[2003]]</ref>. Once again heavily relying on Tottle, facts are reinterpreted with sources questioned, numbers questioned and the whole history of the famine made to look like the continuation of the Cold War<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html#After The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

Holodomor denial continues into the 21st century with the publication of "''The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth''", a pamphlet penned by prominent British physician [[John Puntis]] and published in July 2002 by the [[Stalin Society]]. The Stalin Society itself has been described as "''tiny, aging and schism-ridden''"<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article120991.ece "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 2 March 2003</ref>. Once again heavily relying on Tottle, facts are reinterpreted with sources questioned, numbers questioned and the whole history of the famine made to look like the continuation of the Cold War<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html#After The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>.

==Holodomor denial in University courses==

==Holodomor denial in University courses==

==Holodomor denial and Ukrainian law==

==Holodomor denial and Ukrainian law==

On [[November 28]] [[2006]], Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law recognizing the 1932&ndash;1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people. The voting figures were as follows: supporting the bill were [[BYuT]]—118 deputies, [[NSNU]]—79 deputies, [[Socialist Party of Ukraine|Socialists]]—30 deputies, 4 independent deputies, and the [[Party of Regions]]—2 deputies (200 deputies did not cast a vote). The [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] voted against the bill.  In all, 233 deputies supported the bill—a minimum of 226 votes were required for it to be passed.<ref>[http://www.day.kiev.ua/179841/ "Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense"], [[3 April]] [[2007]]</ref><ref>[http://www.lucorg.com/luc/news.php?id=2241 "What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed"], [[February 28]], [[2007]]</ref>

On November 28 2006, Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law recognizing the 1932&ndash;1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people. The voting figures were as follows: supporting the bill were [[BYuT]]—118 deputies, [[NSNU]]—79 deputies, [[Socialist Party of Ukraine|Socialists]]—30 deputies, 4 independent deputies, and the [[Party of Regions]]—2 deputies (200 deputies did not cast a vote). The [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] voted against the bill.  In all, 233 deputies supported the bill—a minimum of 226 votes were required for it to be passed.<ref>[http://www.day.kiev.ua/179841/ "Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense"], 3 April 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.lucorg.com/luc/news.php?id=2241 "What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed"], February 28, 2007</ref>

A draft law "On Amendments to the Criminal and the Procedural Criminal Codes of Ukraine" was submitted by [[President of Ukraine|President]] [[Viktor Yushchenko]] for consideration by the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]].  The draft law envisages prosecution for public denial of the Holodomor Famine of 1932&ndash;1933 in Ukraine as a fact of genocide of the Ukrainian people, and of [[the Holocaust]] as the fact of genocide of the [[Jew]]ish people. The draft law foresees that public denial as well as production and dissemination of materials denying the above shall be punished by a fine of 100 to 300 untaxed minimum salaries, or imprisonment of up to two years.<ref>[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=56782 "Public denial of Holodomor Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide of Ukrainian people to be prosecuted"], [[December 12]], [[2007]]</ref>

A draft law "On Amendments to the Criminal and the Procedural Criminal Codes of Ukraine" was submitted by [[President of Ukraine|President]] [[Viktor Yushchenko]] for consideration by the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]].  The draft law envisages prosecution for public denial of the Holodomor Famine of 1932&ndash;1933 in Ukraine as a fact of genocide of the Ukrainian people, and of [[the Holocaust]] as the fact of genocide of the [[Jew]]ish people. The draft law foresees that public denial as well as production and dissemination of materials denying the above shall be punished by a fine of 100 to 300 untaxed minimum salaries, or imprisonment of up to two years.<ref>[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=56782 "Public denial of Holodomor Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide of Ukrainian people to be prosecuted"], December 12, 2007</ref>

==References==

==References==