Changes

[[Saddam Hussein]] in 1980. In order not to become a target of the U.S. “troop surge” in Baghdad, Sadr himself has been in Iran for much of the time since March 2007.

[[Saddam Hussein]] in 1980. In order not to become a target of the U.S. “troop surge” in Baghdad, Sadr himself has been in Iran for much of the time since March 2007.

The December 6, 2006, [[Iraq Study Group]] report says the Mahdi Army might now number about 60,000 fighters. The Mahdi Army’s ties to Iran are less well-developed than are those of the [[Badr Brigades]] because the Mahdi Army was formed by Sadr in mid-2003, after the fall of Saddam Hussein. U.S. military operations put down Mahdi Army uprisings in April 2004 and August 2004 in “Sadr City”, a Sadr stronghold in Baghdad, Najaf, and other Shiite cities. In each case, fighting was ended with compromises under which Mahdi forces stopped fighting in exchange for amnesty for Sadr himself. Since August 2004, Mahdi fighters have patrolled Sadr City and challenged Supreme Islamic Council of Iraq (SICI), Iraqi government forces, and U.S. and British forces in Diwaniyah, Nassiryah, Basra, Amarah, Samawah, and other Shiite cities, enforcing conformity with Islamic and traditional behavior norms. changed its name in May 2007 from the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI).

The December 6, 2006, [[Iraq Study Group]] report says the Mahdi Army might now number about 60,000 fighters. The Mahdi Army’s ties to Iran are less well-developed than are those of the [[Badr Brigades]] because the Mahdi Army was formed by Sadr in mid-2003, after the fall of Saddam Hussein. U.S. military operations put down Mahdi Army uprisings in April 2004 and August 2004 in “Sadr City”, a Sadr stronghold in Baghdad, Najaf, and other Shiite cities. In each case, fighting was ended with compromises under which Mahdi forces stopped fighting in exchange for amnesty for Sadr himself. Since August 2004, Mahdi fighters have patrolled Sadr City and challenged the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), Iraqi government forces, and U.S. and British forces in Diwaniyah, Nassiryah, Basra, Amarah, Samawah, and other Shiite cities, enforcing conformity with Islamic and traditional behavior norms. SCIRI changed its name in May 2007 to the Supreme Islamic Council of Iraq (SICI).

SICI controls the “Badr Brigades”, now renamed the “Badr Organization”, which numbers about 20,000 but which has now reported to have burrowed into the still-fledgling Iraqi Security Forces (ISF). The Badr Brigades were formed, trained, and equipped by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, politically aligned with Iran’s hardliners, during the [[Iran-Iraq war]]. During that war, Badr guerrillas conducted forays  from Iran into southern Iraq to attack [[Baath Party]] officials, although the Badr forays did  not spark broad popular unrest against Saddam Hussein’s regime. Badr fighters in and outside the ISF have purportedly been involved in sectarian killings, although to a lesser extent than the “Mahdi Army”

SICI controls the “Badr Brigades”, now renamed the “Badr Organization”, which numbers about 20,000 but which has now reported to have burrowed into the still-fledgling Iraqi Security Forces (ISF). The Badr Brigades were formed, trained, and equipped by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, politically aligned with Iran’s hardliners, during the [[Iran-Iraq war]]. During that war, Badr guerrillas conducted forays  from Iran into southern Iraq to attack [[Baath Party]] officials, although the Badr forays did  not spark broad popular unrest against Saddam Hussein’s regime. Badr fighters in and outside the ISF have purportedly been involved in sectarian killings, although to a lesser extent than the “Mahdi Army”