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Line 1: − YOU CREATION SCIENCE. DINOSAURS WITH CARNIVOROUS FEATURES (CREATED BY GOD, NOT OVER A FEW DAYS BUT MILLIONS OF YEARS) WOULD NOT EAT PLANTS. GOD IS NOT STUPID. REMEMBER, YOU ARE JUST BEING FUNDA'''MENTAL'''. + + − YOU SCARE GOOD CHRISTIANS AWAY FROM THEI FAITH.+ + + − I HAVE A LAST TRICK UP MY SLEAVE.+ + − AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFSDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwith Dinosaurs+ − From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia − Jump to: navigation, search − Walking with Dinosaurs − − Genre Documentary − Developed by Andrew Wilks − Narrated by Kenneth Branagh − Theme music composer Ben Bartlett − Country of origin UK − Language(s) English − No. of seasons 1 − No. of episodes 6 (List of episodes) − Production − Executive − producer(s) John Lynch − Producer(s) Tim Haines, Jasper James − Running time 30 min. − Broadcast − Original channel BBC − Original airing April 16, 1999 − Chronology − Related shows Walking with Beasts, Walking with Monsters − External links − Official website − Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. The series used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of). − The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.[3]+ − Contents [hide]+ − 1 Episodes + − 1.1 "New Blood" − 1.2 "Time of the Titans" − 1.3 "Cruel Sea" − 1.4 "Giant of the skies" − 1.5 "Spirits of the Ice Forest" − 1.6 "Death of a Dynasty" − 1.7 "Edge of the Skies" − 2 Companion book − 2.1 Deviations from the series − 3 Critical reaction − 4 Censorship − 5 Spin-offs − 5.1 Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience − 5.2 Encyclopedia − 5.3 Prehistoric Planet − 5.4 The Walking With series − 5.5 Specials − 6 Video Game − 6.1 Computer Games − 7 Notes − 8 See also − 9 External links − + + + − + − Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries.+ + + + − + − The first episode filmed and broadcast. 220 Million Years Ago — Late Triassic; Arizona − Filming location: New Caledonia + − Conditions: semi-desert with short rainy season. In the year of the episode, the rains are late. − The episode followed a female Coelophysis as it tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus, one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later wounded by a Placeras's tusks, and is beaten out of its territory by a rival Postosuchus. Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female is killed and eaten by a pack of Coelophysis. Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus, forshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode. − Coelophysis + − Placerias − Cynodont [1] − Postosuchus − Peteinosaurus − Plateosaurus − lungfish − dragonfly (live acted) − + − The second episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado − Filming locations: Redwood National Park (Fern Canyon), Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand + − Conditions: warm with mixture of forest and fern-prairies. − This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus. After hatching, its siblings are burnt in a natural forest fire along with many others, such as the small ornithopod dryosaurus, eaten by two Allosaurus and an Ornitholestes, and accidentally speared by a Stegosaurus tail spikes. The young Diplodocus and one surviving sibling eventually locate and join a herd. The plains are also home to other herbivores, including Brachiosaurus and Stegosaurus, while small pterosaurs called Anurognathus feast on their parasites (a speculative behavior inspired by oxpecker birds in modern Africa). At the end of the episode, an Allosaurus attacks the Diplodocus, but she is saved when a larger Diplodocus lashes the predator with its whip-like tail. − Diplodocus + − Anurognathus − Allosaurus − Ornitholestes − Stegosaurus − Brachiosaurus − Unidentified small ornithopods (appear in 2 different colour schemes) − damselfly (live acted) − dung beetle (live acted) − + − + + + + + + + + + + − Filming locations: Bahamas, New Caledonia + − Conditions: shallow tropical sea with small islands. + − The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring. (According to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures.) In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus, and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and it dies suffocated by its weight.+ + + + − Ophthalmosaurus + − Cryptoclidus − Hybodus (identified as shark,revealed on website and in encyclopedia) − Leptolepis (identified as fish,revealed in website,live-acted by herring) − Rhamphorhynchus − Eustreptospondylus − Liopleurodon[2] − Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite,revealed in book) − Unindentified horseshoe crab (live acted by horseshoe crab) − jellyfish (live acted) − squid (live acted) − bark beetle (live acted) − Unidentified turtle (shown dead) − + − [3] The fourth episode filmed and broadcast. 127 Million Years Ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Cantabria) − Filming locations: New Zealand, Tasmania + − Conditions: Sea and coastlands. + − It stars an elderly male Ornithocheirus, a large pterosaur, who is on his way back from South America to the island of Cantabria in Europe to mate. He passes a nesting colony of Tapejara. He reaches the north tip of South America and crosses sea to North America. He passes a herd of Iguanodon who were migrating along a beach. He travels from America to Europe across the young Atlantic Ocean. He reaches a European island, off the coast of Britain, which in the book of the series is named Cornubia. He passes another herd of Iguanodon, who are being preyed on by a pack of Utahraptor. Eventually, the Ornithocheirus reaches his breeding site, but fails to get a mate as he cannot land in the best place in the middle of the breeding site, because on the way he had been delayed (by having to shelter from a storm under a cliff overhang) and the site was taken. In the end, he perishes on a beach of hunger, exhaustion, heat stress and old age. − Ornithocheirus + − Iguanodon + − Utahraptor[4] − Polacanthus − Tapejara[5] − Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia) − Plesiopleurodon (not identified, revealed on web) − Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book, live acted by mite) − Unidentified pterosaur − fish (live acted) − wasp (live acted) − + − The fifth episode filmed and broadcast. 106 Million Years Ago — Middle Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica.+ − Conditions: Forest dominated by podocarps, very near South Pole (the sun did not rise for 5 months in the winter). The lopsided arrangement of the continents keeps ocean currents and strong monsoon winds blowing across the polar area, keeping it free of icecap and warm enough for forests to grow. + − Filming location: New Zealand + − This episode focuses on a flock of Leaellynasaura who are trying to survive the freezing winter and breed in the summer. The episode runs from end of winter to the next end of winter. At the beginning a Koolasuchus eats a Leaellynasaura which had died in the winter. During the summer a dwarf allosaur hunts the Leaellynasaura and the Muttaburrasaurus. The Leaellynasaura usually escape, but during the noise and trampling and confusion caused by the Muttaburrasaurus migrating away north for the winter, the allosaur catches and eats the female of the Leaellynasauras' alpha pair. Other predators like Koolasuchus are on the hunt for the Leaellynasaura. − Leaellynasaura + − Muttaburrasaurus − Unidentified allosaur (identified as polar allosaur[6] [7] − Koolasuchus − Unidentified pterosaur[8] − Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati) − tuatara (live acted) − weta (live acted) − mosquito (live acted) − [edit] "Death of a Dynasty"+ − The sixth episode filmed and broadcast. 65.5 Million Years Ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana − Conditions: Areas of low herbaceous plant cover, and forest, affected by volcanism. The episode shows some effects of the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact. + − Filming locations: Chile (Conguillío National Park), New Zealand + − This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. According to the book, the forests were shrinking and the Pierre Seaway between Laramidia and Appalachia was slowly drying up from the north. The main character is a female Tyranosaurus, who abandons her nest because all the eggs in it were infertile. She mates and nests again, lays 12 eggs, of which 3 hatch. One of the babies disappears, most likely eaten by the other two. The mother is wounded by a blow from an Ankylosaurus's tail-club and dies later of internal injuries and a broken femur. Her babies die when the dinosaurs become extinct by the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which, in the series is caused by a gigantic meteor that collides with earth in the Gulf of Mexico. − Tyrannosaurus + − Didelphodon − Anatotitan − Torosaurus − Dromaeosaurus (identified as a dromaeosaur, revealed in encyclopedia) [9] − Unidentified small ornithopods − Ankylosaurus − Quetzalcoatlus[10] − Deinosuchus (not identified, revealed on website, book and encyclopedia) − Dinilysia (identified as snake, revealed in website, live acted by red-tailed boa) − butterfly (live acted) − Triceratops (shown dead) − Unidentified mammal (shown dead) − Unidentified reptile (shown dead) − + − The female Dasplatosaurus was hunted Pentoceratops+ + − [edit] Companion book+ − A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands [4]. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series. (see animal lists above) + − [edit] Deviations from the series+ − At the end of the episode "New Blood", a Plateosaurus frightens away a Coelophysis. In the book, a Postosuchus attacks the herd and loses. Near the end of the episode, the Coelophysis gather around a waterhole. In the book, this happens earlier. In the book, the first thing to happen is the Postosuchus attack. − In the episode "Time of the Titans", the female Diplodocus lifespan shown was: 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years. In the book, it was: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 12 years, so the Diplodocus age faster in the book. In the series, the Allosaurus attack occurs on the 3rd year. In the book, it occurs on the 4th year. The Stegosaurus kills nothing in the book. − In the book, the Liopleurodon attack from "Cruel Sea" occurs much later, the Cryptoclidus catches a pterosaur rather than a fish, and the female Liopleurodon does not appear. − Unlike in the episode "Giant of the Skies", Ornithocheirus cannibalism doesn't occur in the book. In the series, the lead female Utahraptor attacks the Iguanodon with no injury, whereas in the book, she is injured by the thumb spike; also, the book describes the Utahraptor attack as an attack by a large group, not just a family. Additionally, in the series the Tapejara ignore the Ornithocheirus, while the book, they try to drive it off, and later on, where in the program Ornithocheirus is driven off by the Utahraptor hunting, in the book it is driven off by turtles inhabiting lake, absent from the program. − In the book's chapter "Beneath a Giant's Wings" ("Giant of the Skies" episode) the flowering shrub's name is Protoanthus (a fictional plant)[11], while on the show it was unnamed. − In the episode "Spirits of the Ice Forest", the lead female Leaellynasaura is killed by the allosaur, while in the book, she dies of frostbite (in the book, the allosaur ate a subadult male), and is eaten by Koolasuchus at the end of the chapter, instead of the beginning, as in the program. In the book, all the Leaellynasaura chicks survive, and the Muttaburrasaurus don't get lost. − Dromaeosaurus and ornithopods are not featured in the book, unlike in the episode "Death of a Dynasty." The Quetzalcoatlus gets eaten by a group of Deinosuchus in the book after a futile struggle, while the television program features only one Deinosuchus and the Quetzalcoatlus escapes without fighting back at all. In the show, Didelphodon is eaten by the female Tyrannosaurus; in the book, by a male, who eats the eggs itself. Also, in the program, the male Tyrannosaurus presents the female with a dead Triceratops, while in the book it is a Torosaurus - the same one that was seen on the program with the broken horn. Finally, in the program the Ankylosaurus hits the female Tyrannosaurus just once, while in the book, it beats the female to death; also, in the book, the Ankylosaurus is a female with a pair of "scutlings" as well, unlike the program. − + − In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd.+ + − The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour). [5]+ + + − [edit] Censorship+ − In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon. The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored.+ + + − + − See more info in the Walking with... − − The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media. − − − [edit] Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience − A live theatrical adaptation was created in Australia and began touring in early 2007 (starting in Sydney's Acer Arena, and continuing to Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide & Melbourne). Coming from the mind of creative genius William May, the show itself features life size mechanical dinosaurs operated by teams of puppeteers and drivers as well as music by James Brett. − − It was produced by Malcolm C. Cooke & Jill Bryant and directed by Scott Faris. The leading role of the paleontologist (Huxley) was played by both Bruce Spence & Felix Nobis in the original Australian version. The role of Huxley is currently played by James Roberts & Jonathan Bliss. − − The dinosaurs featured are: − − Allosaurus − Ankylosaurus − Brachiosaurus − Iguanodon (shown dead) − Liliensternus (not seen in documentary) − Plateosaurus − Ornithocheirus − Stegosaurus − Torosaurus − Tyrannosaurus − Utahraptor − The show began touring North America in June 2007. − − − [edit] Encyclopedia − Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies Walking with Monsters − − − [edit] Prehistoric Planet − A child-oriented reversion of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original. − − − [edit] The Walking With series − Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series. In 2001 the sequel Walking with Beasts, set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis. In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters: Life Before Dinosaurs was produced. − − − [edit] Specials − Main articles: Chased by Dinosaurs, Sea Monsters, The Ballad Of Big Al, and Prehistoric Park − Chased By Dinosaurs, featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (Inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy, trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras, Cymbospondylus, Dunkleosteus, Basilosaurus, Megalodon, Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus. Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park, six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus, Mammoth, Smilodon, Microraptor, Arthropleura, and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park. − − − [edit] Video Game − − [edit] Computer Games − There is a free downloadable game available at the bbc website. It is called Dinosaur World. − − − [edit] Notes − ^ According to the website and companion book, the body shape is based upon a scaled-up version of Thrinaxodon. As stated in the book, the presence of cynodonts in the depicted region and the larger size of the reconstructed animal was based on fossil teeth which have subsequently been described as Kraterokheirodon. While considered to have been from a large cynodont at the time of filming, the affinities of these teeth are currently unknown. [1] − ^ The Liopleurodon is oversized as 25 meters (82 feet) long and 150 tons − ^ In the book, the fourth episode is called, "Beneath a Giant's wing", but the fourth episode of the television series is called, "Giant of the Skies − ^ Shown without feathers − ^ The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as Tapejara navigans . − ^ The dwarf allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus. − ^ In the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur". − ^ Pterosaurs in Victoria are based on fossils that are non-diagnostic to genus level. − ^ Shown without feathers − ^ It is shown as an albatross like fish eater, while in real life it would had been more like a stork [2] − ^ Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files − − [edit] See also − Prehistoric Park − Walking with... − Walking with Monsters − Walking with Beasts − Sea Monsters − Walking with Cavemen − − [edit] External links − Australian copy of the now down BBC site − "Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience" Official Website − IMDB information about The Ballad Of Big Al − [show]v • d • eWalking with... − TV series Walking with Dinosaurs · Walking with Beasts · Walking with Monsters · Walking with Dinosaurs: The Next Chapter − TV specials The Ballad Of Big Al · Chased by Dinosaurs · Sea Monsters − Spin-offs Prehistoric Planet · Walking with Cavemen · Prehistoric Park − − Walking with Dinosaurs • The Ballad of Big Al • Walking with Beasts • The Lost World • Chased by Dinosaurs • Sea Monsters • − The Legend of the Tamworth Two • Space Odyssey: Voyage To The Planets • T. rex - 100 Years in Pictures • The Story of One • Walking with Monsters • − Pickles: The Dog who Won the World Cup • Perfect Disaster • Ocean Odyssey • Prehistoric Park • Primeval − − Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" − Categories: BBC television documentaries | Peabody Award winners | Prehistoric life in popular culture and entertainment − AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPlease note that all contributions to Conservapedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUTwith Dinosaurs − From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia − Jump to: navigation, search − Walking with Dinosaurs − − Genre Documentary − Developed by Andrew Wilks − Narrated by Kenneth Branagh − Theme music composer Ben Bartlett − Country of origin UK − Language(s) English − No. of seasons 1 − No. of episodes 6 (List of episodes) − Production − Executive − producer(s) John Lynch − Producer(s) Tim Haines, Jasper James − Running time 30 min. − Broadcast − Original channel BBC − Original airing April 16, 1999 − Chronology − Related shows Walking with Beasts, Walking with Monsters − External links − Official website − Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. The series used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of). − − The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.[3] − − Contents [hide] − 1 Episodes − 1.1 "New Blood" − 1.2 "Time of the Titans" − 1.3 "Cruel Sea" − 1.4 "Giant of the skies" − 1.5 "Spirits of the Ice Forest" − 1.6 "Death of a Dynasty" − 1.7 "Edge of the Skies" − 2 Companion book − 2.1 Deviations from the series − 3 Critical reaction − 4 Censorship − 5 Spin-offs − 5.1 Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience − 5.2 Encyclopedia − 5.3 Prehistoric Planet − 5.4 The Walking With series − 5.5 Specials − 6 Video Game − 6.1 Computer Games − 7 Notes − 8 See also − 9 External links − − − − [edit] Episodes − Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries. − − − [edit] "New Blood" − The first episode filmed and broadcast. 220 Million Years Ago — Late Triassic; Arizona − − Filming location: New Caledonia − Conditions: semi-desert with short rainy season. In the year of the episode, the rains are late. − The episode followed a female Coelophysis as it tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus, one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later wounded by a Placeras's tusks, and is beaten out of its territory by a rival Postosuchus. Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female is killed and eaten by a pack of Coelophysis. Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus, forshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode. − − Coelophysis − Placerias − Cynodont [1] − Postosuchus − Peteinosaurus − Plateosaurus − lungfish − dragonfly (live acted) − − [edit] "Time of the Titans" − The second episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado − − Filming locations: Redwood National Park (Fern Canyon), Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand − Conditions: warm with mixture of forest and fern-prairies. − This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus. After hatching, its siblings are burnt in a natural forest fire along with many others, such as the small ornithopod dryosaurus, eaten by two Allosaurus and an Ornitholestes, and accidentally speared by a Stegosaurus tail spikes. The young Diplodocus and one surviving sibling eventually locate and join a herd. The plains are also home to other herbivores, including Brachiosaurus and Stegosaurus, while small pterosaurs called Anurognathus feast on their parasites (a speculative behavior inspired by oxpecker birds in modern Africa). At the end of the episode, an Allosaurus attacks the Diplodocus, but she is saved when a larger Diplodocus lashes the predator with its whip-like tail. − − Diplodocus − Anurognathus − Allosaurus − Ornitholestes − Stegosaurus − Brachiosaurus − Unidentified small ornithopods (appear in 2 different colour schemes) − damselfly (live acted) − dung beetle (live acted) − − [edit] "Cruel Sea" − The third episode filmed and broadcast. 149 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire − − Filming locations: Bahamas, New Caledonia − Conditions: shallow tropical sea with small islands. − The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring. (According to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures.) In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus, and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and it dies suffocated by its weight. − − Ophthalmosaurus − Cryptoclidus − Hybodus (identified as shark,revealed on website and in encyclopedia) − Leptolepis (identified as fish,revealed in website,live-acted by herring) − Rhamphorhynchus − Eustreptospondylus − Liopleurodon[2] − Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite,revealed in book) − Unindentified horseshoe crab (live acted by horseshoe crab) − jellyfish (live acted) − squid (live acted) − bark beetle (live acted) − Unidentified turtle (shown dead) − − [edit] "Giant of the skies" − [3] The fourth episode filmed and broadcast. 127 Million Years Ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Cantabria) − − Filming locations: New Zealand, Tasmania − Conditions: Sea and coastlands. − It stars an elderly male Ornithocheirus, a large pterosaur, who is on his way back from South America to the island of Cantabria in Europe to mate. He passes a nesting colony of Tapejara. He reaches the north tip of South America and crosses sea to North America. He passes a herd of Iguanodon who were migrating along a beach. He travels from America to Europe across the young Atlantic Ocean. He reaches a European island, off the coast of Britain, which in the book of the series is named Cornubia. He passes another herd of Iguanodon, who are being preyed on by a pack of Utahraptor. Eventually, the Ornithocheirus reaches his breeding site, but fails to get a mate as he cannot land in the best place in the middle of the breeding site, because on the way he had been delayed (by having to shelter from a storm under a cliff overhang) and the site was taken. In the end, he perishes on a beach of hunger, exhaustion, heat stress and old age. − − Ornithocheirus − Iguanodon − Utahraptor[4] − Polacanthus − Tapejara[5] − Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia) − Plesiopleurodon (not identified, revealed on web) − Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book, live acted by mite) − Unidentified pterosaur − fish (live acted) − wasp (live acted) − − [edit] "Spirits of the Ice Forest" − The fifth episode filmed and broadcast. 106 Million Years Ago — Middle Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica. − − Conditions: Forest dominated by podocarps, very near South Pole (the sun did not rise for 5 months in the winter). The lopsided arrangement of the continents keeps ocean currents and strong monsoon winds blowing across the polar area, keeping it free of icecap and warm enough for forests to grow. − Filming location: New Zealand − This episode focuses on a flock of Leaellynasaura who are trying to survive the freezing winter and breed in the summer. The episode runs from end of winter to the next end of winter. At the beginning a Koolasuchus eats a Leaellynasaura which had died in the winter. During the summer a dwarf allosaur hunts the Leaellynasaura and the Muttaburrasaurus. The Leaellynasaura usually escape, but during the noise and trampling and confusion caused by the Muttaburrasaurus migrating away north for the winter, the allosaur catches and eats the female of the Leaellynasauras' alpha pair. Other predators like Koolasuchus are on the hunt for the Leaellynasaura. − − Leaellynasaura − Muttaburrasaurus − Unidentified allosaur (identified as polar allosaur[6] [7] − Koolasuchus − Unidentified pterosaur[8] − Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati) − tuatara (live acted) − weta (live acted) − mosquito (live acted) − − [edit] "Death of a Dynasty" − The sixth episode filmed and broadcast. 65.5 Million Years Ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana − − Conditions: Areas of low herbaceous plant cover, and forest, affected by volcanism. The episode shows some effects of the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact. − Filming locations: Chile (Conguillío National Park), New Zealand − This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. According to the book, the forests were shrinking and the Pierre Seaway between Laramidia and Appalachia was slowly drying up from the north. The main character is a female Tyranosaurus, who abandons her nest because all the eggs in it were infertile. She mates and nests again, lays 12 eggs, of which 3 hatch. One of the babies disappears, most likely eaten by the other two. The mother is wounded by a blow from an Ankylosaurus's tail-club and dies later of internal injuries and a broken femur. Her babies die when the dinosaurs become extinct by the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which, in the series is caused by a gigantic meteor that collides with earth in the Gulf of Mexico. − − Tyrannosaurus − Didelphodon − Anatotitan − Torosaurus − Dromaeosaurus (identified as a dromaeosaur, revealed in encyclopedia) [9] − Unidentified small ornithopods − Ankylosaurus − Quetzalcoatlus[10] − Deinosuchus (not identified, revealed on website, book and encyclopedia) − Dinilysia (identified as snake, revealed in website, live acted by red-tailed boa) − butterfly (live acted) − Triceratops (shown dead) − Unidentified mammal (shown dead) − Unidentified reptile (shown dead) − − [edit] "Edge of the Skies" − The female Dasplatosaurus was hunted Pentoceratops − − − [edit] Companion book − A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands [4]. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series. (see animal lists above) − − − [edit] Deviations from the series − At the end of the episode "New Blood", a Plateosaurus frightens away a Coelophysis. In the book, a Postosuchus attacks the herd and loses. Near the end of the episode, the Coelophysis gather around a waterhole. In the book, this happens earlier. In the book, the first thing to happen is the Postosuchus attack. − In the episode "Time of the Titans", the female Diplodocus lifespan shown was: 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years. In the book, it was: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 12 years, so the Diplodocus age faster in the book. In the series, the Allosaurus attack occurs on the 3rd year. In the book, it occurs on the 4th year. The Stegosaurus kills nothing in the book. − In the book, the Liopleurodon attack from "Cruel Sea" occurs much later, the Cryptoclidus catches a pterosaur rather than a fish, and the female Liopleurodon does not appear. − Unlike in the episode "Giant of the Skies", Ornithocheirus cannibalism doesn't occur in the book. In the series, the lead female Utahraptor attacks the Iguanodon with no injury, whereas in the book, she is injured by the thumb spike; also, the book describes the Utahraptor attack as an attack by a large group, not just a family. Additionally, in the series the Tapejara ignore the Ornithocheirus, while the book, they try to drive it off, and later on, where in the program Ornithocheirus is driven off by the Utahraptor hunting, in the book it is driven off by turtles inhabiting lake, absent from the program. − In the book's chapter "Beneath a Giant's Wings" ("Giant of the Skies" episode) the flowering shrub's name is Protoanthus (a fictional plant)[11], while on the show it was unnamed. − In the episode "Spirits of the Ice Forest", the lead female Leaellynasaura is killed by the allosaur, while in the book, she dies of frostbite (in the book, the allosaur ate a subadult male), and is eaten by Koolasuchus at the end of the chapter, instead of the beginning, as in the program. In the book, all the Leaellynasaura chicks survive, and the Muttaburrasaurus don't get lost. − Dromaeosaurus and ornithopods are not featured in the book, unlike in the episode "Death of a Dynasty." The Quetzalcoatlus gets eaten by a group of Deinosuchus in the book after a futile struggle, while the television program features only one Deinosuchus and the Quetzalcoatlus escapes without fighting back at all. In the show, Didelphodon is eaten by the female Tyrannosaurus; in the book, by a male, who eats the eggs itself. Also, in the program, the male Tyrannosaurus presents the female with a dead Triceratops, while in the book it is a Torosaurus - the same one that was seen on the program with the broken horn. Finally, in the program the Ankylosaurus hits the female Tyrannosaurus just once, while in the book, it beats the female to death; also, in the book, the Ankylosaurus is a female with a pair of "scutlings" as well, unlike the program. − − [edit] Critical reaction − In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd. − − The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour). [5] − − − [edit] Censorship − In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon. The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored. − − − [edit] Spin-offs − See more info in the Walking with... − − The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media. − − − [edit] Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience − A live theatrical adaptation was created in Australia and began touring in early 2007 (starting in Sydney's Acer Arena, and continuing to Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide & Melbourne). Coming from the mind of creative genius William May, the show itself features life size mechanical dinosaurs operated by teams of puppeteers and drivers as well as music by James Brett. − − It was produced by Malcolm C. Cooke & Jill Bryant and directed by Scott Faris. The leading role of the paleontologist (Huxley) was played by both Bruce Spence & Felix Nobis in the original Australian version. The role of Huxley is currently played by James Roberts & Jonathan Bliss. − − The dinosaurs featured are: − − Allosaurus − Ankylosaurus − Brachiosaurus − Iguanodon (shown dead) − Liliensternus (not seen in documentary) − Plateosaurus − Ornithocheirus − Stegosaurus − Torosaurus − Tyrannosaurus − Utahraptor − The show began touring North America in June 2007. − − − [edit] Encyclopedia − Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies Walking with Monsters − − − [edit] Prehistoric Planet − A child-oriented reversion of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original. − − − [edit] The Walking With series − Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series. In 2001 the sequel Walking with Beasts, set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis. In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters: Life Before Dinosaurs was produced. − − − [edit] Specials − Main articles: Chased by Dinosaurs, Sea Monsters, The Ballad Of Big Al, and Prehistoric Park − Chased By Dinosaurs, featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (Inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy, trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras, Cymbospondylus, Dunkleosteus, Basilosaurus, Megalodon, Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus. Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park, six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus, Mammoth, Smilodon, Microraptor, Arthropleura, and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park. − − − [edit] Video Game − − [edit] Computer Games − There is a free downloadable game available at the bbc website. It is called Dinosaur World. − − − [edit] Notes − ^ According to the website and companion book, the body shape is based upon a scaled-up version of Thrinaxodon. As stated in the book, the presence of cynodonts in the depicted region and the larger size of the reconstructed animal was based on fossil teeth which have subsequently been described as Kraterokheirodon. While considered to have been from a large cynodont at the time of filming, the affinities of these teeth are currently unknown. [1] − ^ The Liopleurodon is oversized as 25 meters (82 feet) long and 150 tons − ^ In the book, the fourth episode is called, "Beneath a Giant's wing", but the fourth episode of the television series is called, "Giant of the Skies − ^ Shown without feathers − ^ The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as Tapejara navigans . − ^ The dwarf allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus. − ^ In the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur". − ^ Pterosaurs in Victoria are based on fossils that are non-diagnostic to genus level. − ^ Shown without feathers − ^ It is shown as an albatross like fish eater, while in real life it would had been more like a stork [2] − ^ Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files − − [edit] See also − Prehistoric Park − Walking with... − Walking with Monsters − Walking with Beasts − Sea Monsters − Walking with Cavemen − − [edit] External links − Australian copy of the now down BBC site − "Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience" Official Website − IMDB information about The Ballad Of Big Al − [show]v • d • eWalking with... − TV series Walking with Dinosaurs · Walking with Beasts · Walking with Monsters · Walking with Dinosaurs: The Next Chapter − TV specials The Ballad Of Big Al · Chased by Dinosaurs · Sea Monsters − Spin-offs Prehistoric Planet · Walking with Cavemen · Prehistoric Park − [show]v • d • eImpossible Pictures Productions − Walking with Dinosaurs • The Ballad of Big Al • Walking with Beasts • The Lost World • Chased by Dinosaurs • Sea Monsters • − The Legend of the Tamworth Two • Space Odyssey: Voyage To The Planets • T. rex - 100 Years in Pictures • The Story of One • Walking with Monsters • − Pickles: The Dog who Won the World Cup • Perfect Disaster • Ocean Odyssey • Prehistoric Park • Primeval − − Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" − Categories: BBC television documentaries | Peabody Award winners | Prehistoric life in popular culture and entertainment − with Dinosaurs − From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia − Jump to: navigation, search − Walking with Dinosaurs − − Genre Documentary − Developed by Andrew Wilks − Narrated by Kenneth Branagh − Theme music composer Ben Bartlett − Country of origin UK − Language(s) English − No. of seasons 1 − No. of episodes 6 (List of episodes) − Production − Executive − producer(s) John Lynch − Producer(s) Tim Haines, Jasper James − Running time 30 min. − Broadcast − Original channel BBC − Original airing April 16, 1999 − Chronology − Related shows Walking with Beasts, Walking with Monsters − External links − Official website − Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. The series used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of). − − The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.[3] − − Contents [hide] − 1 Episodes − 1.1 "New Blood" − 1.2 "Time of the Titans" − 1.3 "Cruel Sea" − 1.4 "Giant of the skies" − 1.5 "Spirits of the Ice Forest" − 1.6 "Death of a Dynasty" − 1.7 "Edge of the Skies" − 2 Companion book − 2.1 Deviations from the series − 3 Critical reaction − 4 Censorship − 5 Spin-offs − 5.1 Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience − 5.2 Encyclopedia − 5.3 Prehistoric Planet − 5.4 The Walking With series − 5.5 Specials − 6 Video Game − 6.1 Computer Games − 7 Notes − 8 See also − 9 External links − − − − [edit] Episodes − Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries. − − − [edit] "New Blood" − The first episode filmed and broadcast. 220 Million Years Ago — Late Triassic; Arizona − − Filming location: New Caledonia − Conditions: semi-desert with short rainy season. In the year of the episode, the rains are late. − The episode followed a female Coelophysis as it tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus, one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later wounded by a Placeras's tusks, and is beaten out of its territory by a rival Postosuchus. Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female is killed and eaten by a pack of Coelophysis. Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus, forshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode. − − Coelophysis − Placerias − Cynodont [1] − Postosuchus − Peteinosaurus − Plateosaurus − lungfish − dragonfly (live acted) − − [edit] "Time of the Titans" − The second episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado − − Filming locations: Redwood National Park (Fern Canyon), Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand − Conditions: warm with mixture of forest and fern-prairies. − This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus. After hatching, its siblings are burnt in a natural forest fire along with many others, such as the small ornithopod dryosaurus, eaten by two Allosaurus and an Ornitholestes, and accidentally speared by a Stegosaurus tail spikes. The young Diplodocus and one surviving sibling eventually locate and join a herd. The plains are also home to other herbivores, including Brachiosaurus and Stegosaurus, while small pterosaurs called Anurognathus feast on their parasites (a speculative behavior inspired by oxpecker birds in modern Africa). At the end of the episode, an Allosaurus attacks the Diplodocus, but she is saved when a larger Diplodocus lashes the predator with its whip-like tail. − − Diplodocus − Anurognathus − Allosaurus − Ornitholestes − Stegosaurus − Brachiosaurus − Unidentified small ornithopods (appear in 2 different colour schemes) − damselfly (live acted) − dung beetle (live acted) − − [edit] "Cruel Sea" − The third episode filmed and broadcast. 149 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire − − Filming locations: Bahamas, New Caledonia − Conditions: shallow tropical sea with small islands. − The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring. (According to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures.) In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus, and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and it dies suffocated by its weight. − − Ophthalmosaurus − Cryptoclidus − Hybodus (identified as shark,revealed on website and in encyclopedia) − Leptolepis (identified as fish,revealed in website,live-acted by herring) − Rhamphorhynchus − Eustreptospondylus − Liopleurodon[2] − Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite,revealed in book) − Unindentified horseshoe crab (live acted by horseshoe crab) − jellyfish (live acted) − squid (live acted) − bark beetle (live acted) − Unidentified turtle (shown dead) − − [edit] "Giant of the skies" − [3] The fourth episode filmed and broadcast. 127 Million Years Ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Cantabria) − − Filming locations: New Zealand, Tasmania − Conditions: Sea and coastlands. − It stars an elderly male Ornithocheirus, a large pterosaur, who is on his way back from South America to the island of Cantabria in Europe to mate. He passes a nesting colony of Tapejara. He reaches the north tip of South America and crosses sea to North America. He passes a herd of Iguanodon who were migrating along a beach. He travels from America to Europe across the young Atlantic Ocean. He reaches a European island, off the coast of Britain, which in the book of the series is named Cornubia. He passes another herd of Iguanodon, who are being preyed on by a pack of Utahraptor. Eventually, the Ornithocheirus reaches his breeding site, but fails to get a mate as he cannot land in the best place in the middle of the breeding site, because on the way he had been delayed (by having to shelter from a storm under a cliff overhang) and the site was taken. In the end, he perishes on a beach of hunger, exhaustion, heat stress and old age. − − Ornithocheirus − Iguanodon − Utahraptor[4] − Polacanthus − Tapejara[5] − Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia) − Plesiopleurodon (not identified, revealed on web) − Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book, live acted by mite) − Unidentified pterosaur − fish (live acted) − wasp (live acted) − − [edit] "Spirits of the Ice Forest" − The fifth episode filmed and broadcast. 106 Million Years Ago — Middle Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica. − − Conditions: Forest dominated by podocarps, very near South Pole (the sun did not rise for 5 months in the winter). The lopsided arrangement of the continents keeps ocean currents and strong monsoon winds blowing across the polar area, keeping it free of icecap and warm enough for forests to grow. − Filming location: New Zealand − This episode focuses on a flock of Leaellynasaura who are trying to survive the freezing winter and breed in the summer. The episode runs from end of winter to the next end of winter. At the beginning a Koolasuchus eats a Leaellynasaura which had died in the winter. During the summer a dwarf allosaur hunts the Leaellynasaura and the Muttaburrasaurus. The Leaellynasaura usually escape, but during the noise and trampling and confusion caused by the Muttaburrasaurus migrating away north for the winter, the allosaur catches and eats the female of the Leaellynasauras' alpha pair. Other predators like Koolasuchus are on the hunt for the Leaellynasaura. − − Leaellynasaura − Muttaburrasaurus − Unidentified allosaur (identified as polar allosaur[6] [7] − Koolasuchus − Unidentified pterosaur[8] − Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati) − tuatara (live acted) − weta (live acted) − mosquito (live acted) − − [edit] "Death of a Dynasty" − The sixth episode filmed and broadcast. 65.5 Million Years Ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana − − Conditions: Areas of low herbaceous plant cover, and forest, affected by volcanism. The episode shows some effects of the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact. − Filming locations: Chile (Conguillío National Park), New Zealand − This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. According to the book, the forests were shrinking and the Pierre Seaway between Laramidia and Appalachia was slowly drying up from the north. The main character is a female Tyranosaurus, who abandons her nest because all the eggs in it were infertile. She mates and nests again, lays 12 eggs, of which 3 hatch. One of the babies disappears, most likely eaten by the other two. The mother is wounded by a blow from an Ankylosaurus's tail-club and dies later of internal injuries and a broken femur. Her babies die when the dinosaurs become extinct by the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which, in the series is caused by a gigantic meteor that collides with earth in the Gulf of Mexico. − − Tyrannosaurus − Didelphodon − Anatotitan − Torosaurus − Dromaeosaurus (identified as a dromaeosaur, revealed in encyclopedia) [9] − Unidentified small ornithopods − Ankylosaurus − Quetzalcoatlus[10] − Deinosuchus (not identified, revealed on website, book and encyclopedia) − Dinilysia (identified as snake, revealed in website, live acted by red-tailed boa) − butterfly (live acted) − Triceratops (shown dead) − Unidentified mammal (shown dead) − Unidentified reptile (shown dead) − − [edit] "Edge of the Skies" − The female Dasplatosaurus was hunted Pentoceratops − − − [edit] Companion book − A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands [4]. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series. (see animal lists above) − − − [edit] Deviations from the series − At the end of the episode "New Blood", a Plateosaurus frightens away a Coelophysis. In the book, a Postosuchus attacks the herd and loses. Near the end of the episode, the Coelophysis gather around a waterhole. In the book, this happens earlier. In the book, the first thing to happen is the Postosuchus attack. − In the episode "Time of the Titans", the female Diplodocus lifespan shown was: 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years. In the book, it was: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 12 years, so the Diplodocus age faster in the book. In the series, the Allosaurus attack occurs on the 3rd year. In the book, it occurs on the 4th year. The Stegosaurus kills nothing in the book. − In the book, the Liopleurodon attack from "Cruel Sea" occurs much later, the Cryptoclidus catches a pterosaur rather than a fish, and the female Liopleurodon does not appear. − Unlike in the episode "Giant of the Skies", Ornithocheirus cannibalism doesn't occur in the book. In the series, the lead female Utahraptor attacks the Iguanodon with no injury, whereas in the book, she is injured by the thumb spike; also, the book describes the Utahraptor attack as an attack by a large group, not just a family. Additionally, in the series the Tapejara ignore the Ornithocheirus, while the book, they try to drive it off, and later on, where in the program Ornithocheirus is driven off by the Utahraptor hunting, in the book it is driven off by turtles inhabiting lake, absent from the program. − In the book's chapter "Beneath a Giant's Wings" ("Giant of the Skies" episode) the flowering shrub's name is Protoanthus (a fictional plant)[11], while on the show it was unnamed. − In the episode "Spirits of the Ice Forest", the lead female Leaellynasaura is killed by the allosaur, while in the book, she dies of frostbite (in the book, the allosaur ate a subadult male), and is eaten by Koolasuchus at the end of the chapter, instead of the beginning, as in the program. In the book, all the Leaellynasaura chicks survive, and the Muttaburrasaurus don't get lost. − Dromaeosaurus and ornithopods are not featured in the book, unlike in the episode "Death of a Dynasty." The Quetzalcoatlus gets eaten by a group of Deinosuchus in the book after a futile struggle, while the television program features only one Deinosuchus and the Quetzalcoatlus escapes without fighting back at all. In the show, Didelphodon is eaten by the female Tyrannosaurus; in the book, by a male, who eats the eggs itself. Also, in the program, the male Tyrannosaurus presents the female with a dead Triceratops, while in the book it is a Torosaurus - the same one that was seen on the program with the broken horn. Finally, in the program the Ankylosaurus hits the female Tyrannosaurus just once, while in the book, it beats the female to death; also, in the book, the Ankylosaurus is a female with a pair of "scutlings" as well, unlike the program. − − [edit] Critical reaction − In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd. − − The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour). [5] − − − [edit] Censorship − In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon. The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored. − − − [edit] Spin-offs − See more info in the Walking with... − − The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media. − − − [edit] Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience − A live theatrical adaptation was created in Australia and began touring in early 2007 (starting in Sydney's Acer Arena, and continuing to Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide & Melbourne). Coming from the mind of creative genius William May, the show itself features life size mechanical dinosaurs operated by teams of puppeteers and drivers as well as music by James Brett. − − It was produced by Malcolm C. Cooke & Jill Bryant and directed by Scott Faris. The leading role of the paleontologist (Huxley) was played by both Bruce Spence & Felix Nobis in the original Australian version. The role of Huxley is currently played by James Roberts & Jonathan Bliss. − − The dinosaurs featured are: − − Allosaurus − Ankylosaurus − Brachiosaurus − Iguanodon (shown dead) − Liliensternus (not seen in documentary) − Plateosaurus − Ornithocheirus − Stegosaurus − Torosaurus − Tyrannosaurus − Utahraptor − The show began touring North America in June 2007. − − − [edit] Encyclopedia − Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies Walking with Monsters − − − [edit] Prehistoric Planet − A child-oriented reversion of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original. − − − [edit] The Walking With series − Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series. In 2001 the sequel Walking with Beasts, set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis. In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters: Life Before Dinosaurs was produced. − − − [edit] Specials − Main articles: Chased by Dinosaurs, Sea Monsters, The Ballad Of Big Al, and Prehistoric Park − Chased By Dinosaurs, featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (Inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy, trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras, Cymbospondylus, Dunkleosteus, Basilosaurus, Megalodon, Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus. Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park, six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus, Mammoth, Smilodon, Microraptor, Arthropleura, and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park. − − − [edit] Video Game − − [edit] Computer Games − There is a free downloadable game available at the bbc website. It is called Dinosaur World. − − − [edit] Notes − ^ According to the website and companion book, the body shape is based upon a scaled-up version of Thrinaxodon. As stated in the book, the presence of cynodonts in the depicted region and the larger size of the reconstructed animal was based on fossil teeth which have subsequently been described as Kraterokheirodon. While considered to have been from a large cynodont at the time of filming, the affinities of these teeth are currently unknown. [1] − ^ The Liopleurodon is oversized as 25 meters (82 feet) long and 150 tons − ^ In the book, the fourth episode is called, "Beneath a Giant's wing", but the fourth episode of the television series is called, "Giant of the Skies − ^ Shown without feathers − ^ The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as Tapejara navigans . − ^ The dwarf allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus. − ^ In the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur". − ^ Pterosaurs in Victoria are based on fossils that are non-diagnostic to genus level. − ^ Shown without feathers − ^ It is shown as an albatross like fish eater, while in real life it would had been more like a stork [2] − ^ Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files − − [edit] See also − Prehistoric Park − Walking with... − Walking with Monsters − Walking with Beasts − Sea Monsters − Walking with Cavemen − − [edit] External links − Australian copy of the now down BBC site − "Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience" Official Website − IMDB information about The Ballad Of Big Al − [show]v • d • eWalking with... − TV series Walking with Dinosaurs · Walking with Beasts · Walking with Monsters · Walking with Dinosaurs: The
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[[Image:Fdt566e4.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Triceratops skeleton at the American Museum of Natural History.]]
'''Dinosaurs''' were large, reptilian creatures which are now generally believed to be extinct. The word '''dinosaur''' was coined in 1841 by Richard Owen<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v14/i3/dinosaurs.asp Dinosaurs and dragons: stamping on the legends], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref>, from the [[Greek]] words δεινός (deinos [actual pronunciation: dhinos]) and σαύρα (saura [savra]), meaning "terrible lizard."
==Highlights of the history of dinosaur paleontology==
[[Image:Osborn.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Henry Fairfield Osborn]]]]
In the United States during the 1900s, the public imagination was caught by the discoveries of [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] (1857-1935) and the great competitive dinosaur hunters, [[Edward Drinker Cope]] (1847-1897) and [[Othniel Charles Marsh]] (1831-1899). Exploring in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, they found numerous fossil dinosaurs. Their museums worked out the techniques for mounting and displaying them.
Osborn was a proponent of ''orthogenesis,'' as were many paleontologists up through the middle of the twentieth century. These paleontologists interpreted the fossil record as showing sustained, continuing, unidirectional trends in [[Theory of evolution|evolution]], which they felt required some kind of driving principle in addition to natural selection. As the author of an encyclopedia article on variation and selection put it in 1911,
:Selection cannot create the materials on which it is supposed to operate... Both sides concur in the position assumed by Darwin, that the word "chance" in such a phrase as "chance variation" does not mean that the occurrences are independent of natural causation and so far undetermined, but covers in the first place our ignorance of the exact causation.... No doubt a large amount of variation is truly indefinite, so that many meaningless or useless variations arise... But there are several directions in which the field of variation appears to be not only limited but defined in a certain direction.... When beetles, or medusae, or cats vary, the range of possible variation is limited and determined by the beetle, medusa or cat constitution, and any possible further differentiation or specialization must be in a sense at least orthogenetic - that is to say, a continuation of the line along which the ancestors of the individual in question have been forced. Darwin himself showed that different species in a genus, or varieties in a species, tended to show parallel variations.<ref>Mitchell, Peter Chalmers (1911), ''Variation and Selection,'' ''Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition,'' volume 27 (TON-VES), p. 906</ref>
[[Roy Chapman Andrews]] (1884–1960), said to be the prototype for the fictional Indiana Jones, is famous for his discovery of fossil dinosaur eggs in Outer Mongolia.
In the 1970, Robert Bakker catalyzed a new era of dinosaur paleontology with evidence that dinosaurs were fully warm-blooded ([[endotherms]]) and fast-moving.<ref>Benton, Michael J. (2000), ''Vertebrate Paleontology'' [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0632056142&id=PQuKO7xqjNQC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22robert+bakker%22&sig=imoHNyurTTCpztNV0Pp2EU7Fj6c p. 217]</ref>
==Dinosaur Species==
Dinosaurs were immensely varied, and included both herbivores and carnivores. Although many have been found in the fossil record, paleontologists expect that they have barely scratched the surface of the vast superorder that the dinosaurs encompassed.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060905-dinosaurs_2.html Vast Majority of Dinosaurs Still to Be Found, Scientists Say], ''National Geographic''</ref>
== Different Perspectives ==
Ever since the discovery of dinosaur fossils, there has been debate about whether and how dinosaurs fit into the history of life on Earth. Young-Earth creationists reject the [[uniformitarian]] time-scale, and therefore believe that humans and dinosaurs co-existed. Creationists also reject the now-popular idea that dinosaurs evolved into birds.
[edit] Episodes
===Creationary Perspective===
[[Image:Michelangeloflood.jpg|thumb|250px|left|''The [[Great Flood|Flood]]'', by [[Michaelangelo]], detail from the [[Sistine Chapel]], 1509.]]
[[Creationism|Young Earth Creationists]] believe, from the biblical account, that dinosaurs were created on day 6 of the [[creation week]]<ref>''Genesis'' 1:25</ref> approximately 6,000 years ago, along with other land animals, and therefore co-existed with humans.
As such, they reject the [[Theory of Evolution]] and the beliefs of evolutionary scientists about the age of the earth.
They believe that dinosaurs lived in harmony with other animals, (probably including in the [[Garden of Eden]]) eating only plants<ref>''Genesis'' 1:29-30</ref>; that pairs of each dinosaur [[kind]] were taken onto [[Noah's Ark]] during the [[Great Flood]] and were preserved from drowning<ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3967/ Were dinosaurs on Noah’s Ark?], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref>; that many of the fossilized dinosaur bones originated during the mass killing of the Flood<ref>Carl Wieland, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/219/ Dinosaur bones—just how old are they really?], ''Creation'', vol. 21 No. 1 p. 54</ref>; and that possibly some descendants of those dinosaurs taken aboard the Ark are still around today.<ref Name="Today">Robert Doolan, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/833/ Are dinosaurs alive today?], ''Creation'', vol. 15 No. 4 p. 12.</ref>
[edit] "New Blood"
They use [[archaeological]], [[fossil]], and documentary evidence to argue that dinosaurs co-existed with mankind until at least relatively recent times.
Because the term only came into use in the 19th century, the [[Bible]] does not use the word "dinosaur." However, they are alleged to be mentioned in numerous places throughout the biblical account. For example, the [[behemoth]] in [[Job]] and the [[leviathan]] in [[Isaiah]] are sometimes said to be references to dinosaurs,<ref>Allan K. Steel, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1799 Could Behemoth have been a dinosaur?], ''Journal of Creation'' vol. 15 No. 2 p. 42.</ref> <ref>[http://www.answersincreation.org/job4041a.htm], ''Answers in Creation''</ref>, although others have claimed that Behemoth and Leviathan are references to a hippopotamus or elephant and a crocodile respectively. Young-Earth creationists point out that the descriptions don't fit these creatures, including that hippopotamuses and elephants don't have a "tail like a cedar".
==== Extinction ====
[edit] "Time of the Titans"
Creationists reject the "Great Impact Theory", pointing out multiple problems with this theory. <ref>Jonathan Sarfati, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/2426 Did a meteor wipe out the dinosaurs?].</ref>
Creationists assert that evolutionists are frequently coming out with a "New Theory of Dinosaur Extinction" and that their theories are laden with false assumptions. <ref>Michael Matthews, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/1115dinosaur.asp Dinosaur demise theory, version #451], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref> It is worth noting, however, that more and more of these theories are being harmonized with one another.<ref>[http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=21082 More Than a Meteor Likely Killed Dinosaurs 65 Million Years Ago], ''SpaceRef.com''</ref>
====Dinosaur-like creatures in history and modern sightings====
[edit] "Cruel Sea"
Creationists cite a number of reasons to believe that dinosaurs have existed until relatively recent times, and perhaps still survive.
The third episode filmed and broadcast. 149 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire
[[Image:AZ_RockArtDino1a.jpg|right|150|thumb|right|Charles W. Gilmore, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology with the United States National Museum, examined an ancient pictograph which he claimed portrays dinosaurs and man coexisting]]
* There have been a number of claimed sightings of dinosaur-like creatures.
** A thousand people reported seeing a dinosaur-like monster in two sightings around Sayram Lake in Xinjiang according to the Chinese publication, China Today.<ref name="Today" />
** Locals in the Congo have reported a creature they name ''Mokele-member''<ref name="Today" /><ref>[http://www.mokelembembe.com/ Mokele-mbembe The Living Dinosaur!]</ref>, and from its description it appears to be a small plant-eating dinosaur. The reports have been taken seriously enough that a biologist from the [[University of Chicago]] has made several expeditions to find the creature. Another biologist has reported seeing the creature.<ref name="Today" />
* There are drawings of creatures resembling dinosaurs.
** An expedition which included Charles W. Gilmore, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology with the United States National Museum, examined an ancient pictograph which he claimed portrays dinosaurs and man coexisting.<ref>[http://www.creationism.org/swift/DohenyExpedition/Doheny01Main.htm Doheny Scientific Expedition, Hava Supai Canyon, Arizona], ''Creationism.org''</ref><ref>[http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/read/the_hava_supai_dinosaur_carving The Hava Supai Dinosaur Carving], ''ChristianCourier.com''</ref>.
** The [[Nile Mosaic of Palestrina]], a second century piece of art, is said to appear to be a piece of artwork that shows a dinosaur and man coexisting. <ref>[http://www.s8int.com/dinolit2.html Dinosaurs in Literature, Art & History-- Page 2], ''s8int.com''</ref>
** Engravings in the floor of [[Carlisle Cathedral]] appear to be of dinosaurs. They are on the tomb of bishop Richard Bell, who died in 1496.<ref>See picture on page 241 of Batten, Don, et. al., 2007, ''The Creation Answers Book''.</ref>
* Creatures matching dinosaurs and similar creatures have been described by various people groups.
** The description of the "[[Thunder bird]]" of [[American Indian]]s matches the descriptions of [[pterosaur]]s.<ref name="Today" />
* Descriptions of [[dragon]]s are widespread and match descriptions of dinosaurs, suggesting that dragons were real creatures and were actually dinosaurs
** The World Book Encyclopedia states that: "The [[dragon]]s of legend are strangely like actual creatures that have lived in the past. They are much like the great reptiles [dinosaurs] which inhabited the earth long before man is supposed to have appeared on earth." <ref>Quoted in [http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/FAQ25.html What about the Dinosaurs?], ''CreationScience.com''</ref>. Dragons exist in the folklore of many European and Asian cultures.<ref name="WB2000">''Dragon'' entry in World Book Millennium 2000 CD ROM</ref> World Book Encyclopedia says, "In Europe, dragons are traditionally portrayed as ferocious beasts that represent the evils fought by human beings. But in Asia, especially in China and Japan, the animals are generally considered friendly creatures that ensure good luck and wealth."<ref Name="WB2000" />
** Dragons appear in the flag of [[Wales]], in traditional [[China|Chinese]] [[New Years' Day]] celebrations, and in the Chinese [[calendar]]. Every other creature on the calendar is a real creature.
[[Image:Palestrina1.jpg|right|thumb|A portion of the artwork the [[Nile Mosaic of Palestrina]]]]
* That dinosaurs are not known from the fossil record above the [[Cretaceous]] strata is not reason to believe that they have not survived until more recent times.
** Living specimens of orders of animals that were believed to have been extinct for millions of years have been found before, such as the Diatomyidae Squirrel <ref>[[Diatomyidae]] Squirrel [http://news.softpedia.com/news/They-Thought-It-Went-Extinct-11-Million-Years-Ago-19557.shtml]</ref>, the [[Wollemi Pine]] <ref>Wollemi Pine ''Biotechnology Australia'' [http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/enviro/wollemi.cfm]</ref> and the [[Coelacanth]] <ref>Sulawesi Coelacanth. ''University Of California, Berkeley''[http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/coelacanth/coelacanths.html]</ref> <ref>More on the Coelacanth ''marinebio.org''[http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=54]</ref>.
* The recent dinosaur tissue find is a strong rebuttal of the claim that dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. <ref>Carl Wieland, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3042 Still soft and stretchy], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref>
[edit] "Giant of the skies"
<!-- The Coelacanth are from a group that had previously been thought to have rudimentary limbs and so be the ancestor of land creatures, but this idea was dropped when living Coelacanths were discovered.<ref>[http://www.users.bigpond.com/rdoolan/coelacanth.html Coelacanth: the world’s oldest fish?]</ref> Biologists see this as merely a minor adjustment to the story of evolution. -->
==== Dinosaurs and birds ====
Creationists contend that the idea that birds are descendants of dinosaurs is not demonstrated by the evidence <ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3833/106/ Bird evolution?], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref> <ref>Andy McIntosh, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/540/ 100 years of airplanes—but these weren’t the first flying machines!], ''Creation'' vol. 26 No. 1 p. 44</ref>, and that the dinosaur-bird connection is even disputed by some evolutionists.
In his article, "Fifteen ways to refute materialistic bigotry", Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]] wrote regarding dinosaurs being descendants of birds:
{{cquote|“The same logic applies to the dinosaur-[[bird]] debate. It is perfectly in order for creationists to cite [[Alan Feduccia|Feduccia]]’s devastating criticism against the idea that birds evolved ‘ground up’ from running dinosaurs (the cursorial theory). But the dino-to-bird advocates counter with equally powerful arguments against Feduccia’s ‘trees-down’ (arboreal) theory. The evidence indicates that the critics are ''both'' right — birds did not evolve either from running dinos or from tree-living mini-crocodiles. In fact, birds did not evolve from non-birds at all!<ref>Jonathan Sarfati, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/2610 15 ways to refute materialistic bigotry], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref>}}
[edit] "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
Creationists also cite the evolutionist [[Ernst Mayr]] who stated the following:
{{cquote|“It must be admitted, however, that it is a considerable strain on one’s credulity to assume that finely balanced systems such as certain sense organs (the eye of vertebrates, or the bird’s feather) could be improved by random mutations." <ref>[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes10.html In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood], ''Center for Scientific Creation''</ref>}}
The March 2003 issue of ''Scientific American'' is also cited by creationists:
{{cquote|Of all the body coverings nature has designed, feathers are the most various and the most mysterious...The origin of feathers is a specific instance of the much more general question of the origin of evolutionary novelties--structures that have no clear antecedents in ancestral animals and no clear related structures (homologues) in contemporary relatives. Although evolutionary theory provides a robust explanation for the appearance of minor variations in the size and shape of creatures and their component parts, it does not yet give as much guidance for understanding the emergence of entirely new structures, including digits, limbs, eyes and feathers...." <ref>Michael Matthews, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/0313sciam.asp Scientific American admits creationists hit a sore spot], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref> <ref>[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000CD7F6-B16F-1E41-89E0809EC588EEDF Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?], ''Scientific American''</ref>}}
Creationists also assert that the comparative anatomy analysis done by evolutionists comparing bird bones and dinosaur bones is flawed. <ref>Dr. David N. Menton, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2005/0328discovery.asp "Ostrich-osaurus" Discovery?], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref>
===Evolutionary/Old Earth Perspective===
The view of [[Theory of evolution|evolutionists]] and others who accept the uniformitarian timescale is that dinosaurs existed on earth from 230 million years ago to 65 million years ago. In this view, the entire population of dinosaurs were wiped out by a mass extinction event (usually thought to be an asteroid) about 65 million years ago.
This precludes humans and dinosaurs co-existing.
====Extinction====
[edit] "Edge of the Skies"
According to most scientists, close to 65 million years ago, at the end of the [[Cretaceous]] period, and the beginning of what is called the [[Tertiary]] period, an event occurred which has come to be known as the [[K-T Event]]. This event would have obliterated most life on Earth, plunging the world into something that would now be likened to global nuclear winter, through which few extant species could survive. Although these scientists dispute the nature of the K-T Event (selecting among any number of catastrophes that could have caused the significant global cooling that resulted), most find that the claimed K-T Event was caused by the collision of a massive asteroid with the Earth, the dust and debris from which would have shrouded the sky for thousands of years, cooling Earth considerably.<ref>Kevin O Pope, "Meteorite impact and the mass extinction of species at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, available at [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/19/11028]</ref> According to this view, the dinosaurs did not survive this cataclysm.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0823_020823_asteroid.html Prehistoric Asteroid "Killed Everything"], ''National Geographic''</ref> A layer of rock containing high concentrations<!-- "High", or just "higher than normal"? --> of [[Iridium]], a metal that is extremely rare on earth but common in asteroids, is said to be due to the vaporization and then fall of dust from the meteorite's impact, and its compression within the subsequent geological record.<ref>''Ibid''</ref>The evidence of a large impact crater can be found in rocks of the Yucatan Peninsula of the supposed age of this layer.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0307_030307_impactcrater.html "Dinosaur-Killer" Asteroid Crater Imaged for First Time], ''National Geographic''</ref> <ref>http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/events/cowen1b.html</ref>
Creationists assert that the assumptions underpinning the methods used by modern geologists are incorrect, and even though the validity of a large impact is accepted, this does not consitute proof that the impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs—although the abundance of dinosaur fossils in rocks found higher in the rock layers than the impact is drastically less than their abundance in rocks lower down.{{fact}}
====An Explosion of new species ====
The mass extinction of the dinosaurs removed a major food competitor, and predator, of smaller animals. As a result of a new "vacancy" in the food chain, following the [[K-T Event]], vast speciation occurred, as the evolutionary pressure of a new cold age propelled animal species to adapt or die out. According to this view, [[mammals]] were some of the main beneficiaries of this explosion: their fur allowed them to adapt to the cold, and their small size allowed them to conserve energy relative to the huge dinosaurs of the previous age.<ref>Bennet, Shostak, Jakotsky, "Life in the Universe," viewable at [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Universe-Jeffrey-Bennett/dp/0805385770]</ref>
====Dinosaurs and Birds====
As a number of feathered fossils (claimed to be dinosaurs) have been discovered, and evolutionary scientists claim the similarity in the bone structure between birds and dinosaurs show that modern birds are a descendants of dinosaurs. This is often cited as an example of [[macroevolution]].<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1006_041006_feathery_dino.html New Dinosaur Discovered: T. Rex Cousin Had Feathers], ''National Geographic''</ref> Cladists place modern birds within the clade dinosauria, meaning that they consider all bird species today as, technically, dinosaurs.<ref>[http://tolweb.org/Dinosauria/14883/1999.01.01 Tree of Life Web Project.] 1999. Dinosauria. Version 01 January 1999 (temporary). Accessed 30 May 2007.</ref>
[edit] Critical reaction
==Dinosaur fossils and Human Fossils and Geological Strata ==
It is sometimes asserted that if human bones aren’t found with dinosaur bones, then dinosaurs and man didn’t live together.<ref name="HaD">Hodge, Bodie, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n1/humans-and-dinosaurs If humans and dinosaurs lived together, why don’t we find human fossils with dinosaur fossils?] ''Answers'' 1(1):52, May 2006.</ref>
Creation scientists point out that this is a false assumption; if human bones aren’t found buried with dinosaur bones, it simply means they weren't buried together.<ref name="HaD" />
Evolutionists point out that [[radiometric dating]] of rocks containing dinosaur bones shows them to have formed between 65 million years ago and 250 million years ago, whereas rocks with human bones in them are dated as being much newer (less than 5 million years old). Young Earth Creationists believe that these methods of dating rocks provide false results, and therefore reject this argument.
Creationists note that the fossil record contains mainly marine organisms and that a small sliver of the fossil record contains vertebrates and thus assert that we shouldn't expect to find many human fossils at all.<ref name="HaD" />
Moreover, as the biblical [[Great Flood|Flood]] would be a marine catastrophe, it would be expected that marine fossils would dominate the fossil record. This is in fact what we find.<ref name="NAB">Hodge, Bodie, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/PublicStore/pdfs/SampleChapter/10-2-267.pdf Why Don’t We Find Human & Dinosaur Fossils Together?] (chapter 13 of the New Answers Book), 2006.</ref>
Approximately 70% of the Earth is covered in salt water which would also explain the dominance of marine fossils. In addition, creation scientists assert there may have been a small pre-flood human population and that massive amounts of flood sediment are why we haven’t found human fossils in pre-biblical flood sediments.<ref name="NAB" />
Also, creation scientists point out that we don't find human bones buried with [[coelacanth]]s yet humans and coelacanths coexist today.<ref name="HaD" />
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[edit] Spin-offs
[[Category:Dinosaurs]]
[show]v • d • eImpossible Pictures Productions