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Line 31: − ''In short, we must often... look to the nature and objects of the selections made, the quantity and value of the materials used, and the degree in which the use may prejudice the sale, or diminish the profits, or supercede the objects, of the original work.'' (Folsom v. Marsh, 9 F. Cas. 342 (1841) − [[Court]]s are still entitled to consider other factors as well. − − == Images == − − It is believed that the use of low-resolution images to illustrate a non-profit work qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. − − Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in ''Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp''. − − In order to preserve the legal rights of the copyright holder, a tag like the following one should be placed accompanying the image in question.
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==Balancing of Factors==
==Balancing of Factors==
While the statute is produced below, in general, fair use is an [[affirmative defense]] to a charge of copyright violation. Defendant presents "fair use" not to rebut the prima facie case, but to justify the violation of copyright. Fair use rests on the [[public policy]] concerns that copyright law ought to strike a balance between hardship to the author, whose work is infringed upon, and hardship to the public, if transformative or ''de minimis'' uses of copyrighted works are not permitted.<ref>Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569.</ref>
While the statute is produced below, in general, fair use is an [[affirmative defense]] to a charge of copyright violation. Defendant presents "fair use" not to rebut the prima facie case, but to justify the violation of copyright. Fair use rests on the [[public policy]] concerns that copyright law ought to strike a balance between hardship to the author, whose work is infringed upon, and hardship to the public, if transformative or ''de minimis'' uses of copyrighted works are not permitted.<ref>Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569.</ref>
The fair use defense asks the court to examine a multitude of factors, including (in abbreviated form) (1) the commercial or educational use of the copyrighted material, (2) the nature and amount of the copying, (3) the rough proportionality between the amount of the work copied, and the amount that would need to be copied to meet the alleged fair use, and (4) the invasion of legitimate market interests of the rightholder.
Courts embrace a totality of the circumstances inquiry:
''In short, we must often... look to the nature and objects of the selections made, the quantity and value of the materials used, and the degree in which the use may prejudice the sale, or diminish the profits, or supercede the objects, of the original work.'' <ref>(Folsom v. Marsh, 9 F. Cas. 342 (1841)</ref> Especially because fair use defense, prior to codification in Title XVII, was mostly judge-made law, courts enjoy wide discretion.
== Images ==
It is believed that the use of low-resolution images to illustrate a non-profit work qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law.
Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in ''Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp''.
In order to preserve the legal rights of the copyright holder, a tag like the following one should be placed accompanying the image in question.
==Statutory Text==
==Statutory Text==
:<br>The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.
:<br>The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.