Changes

How high or low the notes sound, which is a result of the soundwave's frequency. The continuous spectrum of possible frequencies is divided into discrete, named units called notes. Every doubling in frequency (between, for example 100Hz and 200Hz, or between 200Hz and 400Hz), is known as an octave. Any two notes whose frequencies are in a 2:1 ratio share the same name. So, for example, the A above middle C has a frequency of 440 Hz. The notes with double or quadruple that frequency (880, 1760, ...) and the notes with a half or quater that frequency (220, 110, ...) are also named A.   

How high or low the notes sound, which is a result of the soundwave's frequency. The continuous spectrum of possible frequencies is divided into discrete, named units called notes. Every doubling in frequency (between, for example 100Hz and 200Hz, or between 200Hz and 400Hz), is known as an octave. Any two notes whose frequencies are in a 2:1 ratio share the same name. So, for example, the A above middle C has a frequency of 440 Hz. The notes with double or quadruple that frequency (880, 1760, ...) and the notes with a half or quater that frequency (220, 110, ...) are also named A.   

In Western music, each octave is divided into twelve notes.  

In Western music, each octave is divided into twelve notes. Every scale contains eight, which are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, F and G (the eighth note being, of course, the octave above the first note). On a piano, these correspond to the "white notes", while the "black notes" are written as modifications to them. Each black note is named after one of the white notes next to it; if it is immediately above A, it is referred to as A sharp. If it is immediately below A, it is known as A flat. There are, therefore, several different ways to write a note, all of which will produce the same sound. A G sharp and an A flat correspond to the same sound, and are known as enharmonic equivalents. Which spelling of a note one should use depends on the context in which it is written.  

==Melody==  

==Melody==  

A group of notes played in sequence. Melody is usually subdivided into phrases, which collectively form a structure.

A group of notes played in sequence, also known as a tune, an air or a line. Melody is usually subdivided into phrases, which collectively form a structure. Having more than one melody played together (where none of the individual lines is felt to be of greater importance than the others) is known as counterpoint, and is most common in the works of Baroque composers such as Bach and Handel.  

==Rhythm==

==Rhythm==