Changes

The atheistic counter argument has traditionally been to point 2, taking the position that the universe has always existed.  With the advent of the [[Big Bang theory]] pointing towards a starting point, this line of defense has become rather shaky.  It should also be noted that the Kalam argument removes one of the knee jerk reactions to any discussion on creation involving God which is "Then who created God?"  Since God has no beginning, the question becomes meaningless. The Bible makes clear that God exists outside of our construct of time in many locations, including 1 Corinthians 2:7, 2 Timothy 1:9, and Titus 1:2.

The atheistic counter argument has traditionally been to point 2, taking the position that the universe has always existed.  With the advent of the [[Big Bang theory]] pointing towards a starting point, this line of defense has become rather shaky.  It should also be noted that the Kalam argument removes one of the knee jerk reactions to any discussion on creation involving God which is "Then who created God?"  Since God has no beginning, the question becomes meaningless. The Bible makes clear that God exists outside of our construct of time in many locations, including 1 Corinthians 2:7, 2 Timothy 1:9, and Titus 1:2.

===[[Thomism|Thomistic]] cosmological argument===

===[[Thomism|Thomistic]] cosmological argument===

# The sequence of causally dependent contingent things must be finite

# The sequence of causally dependent contingent things must be finite

Conclusion: There must be a first cause in the sequence of contingent causes

Conclusion: There must be a first cause in the sequence of contingent causes

===Leibnizian cosmological argument===

===Leibnizian cosmological argument===