Changes

In ''Dennis v. Sparks'', 449 U.S. 24 (1980), the [[United States Supreme Court]] allowed application of [[Section 1983]] against ''private'' parties who act in concert with a state official.  Specifically, the Court applied [[Section 1983]] where the plaintiff alleged that private parties bribed a judge in order to obtain.  The Court found that this could constitute [[state action]] under [[Section 1983]].  

In '''''Dennis v. Sparks''''', 449 U.S. 24 (1980), the [[United States Supreme Court]] allowed application of [[Section 1983]] against ''private'' parties who act in concert with a state official.  Specifically, the Court applied [[Section 1983]] where the plaintiff alleged that private parties bribed a judge in order to obtain.  The Court found that this could constitute [[state action]] under [[Section 1983]].  

Lower courts have applied to ruling to uphold [[Section 1983]] against other ''private'' parties:

Lower courts have applied to ruling to uphold [[Section 1983]] against other ''private'' parties: