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Line 1: + + − <br>Outline of Lecture: + − <br>I. Introduction+ − <br>II. World Economy and Technology − <br>A. Trade − <br>B. Energy − <br>C. Technology − <br>D. Agriculture − <br>E. Outer Space − <br>III. Security − <br>A. Northern Ireland − <br>B. Terrorism − <br>C. Migration − <br>D. Human Rights − <br>IV. Education − '''I. Introduction'''+ − '''+ − II. World Trade'''+ Line 36:
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Line 66: − <br>1. sugar cane + − <br>2. maize (corn) + − <br>3. wheat + − <br>4. rice + − <br>5. potatoes + − <br>6. sugar beets+ − <br>7. soybeans+ − <br>8. oil palm fruit+ − <br>9. barley+ − <br>10. tomatoes+ Line 91:
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Line 111: − '''B. Terrorism'''+ Line 131:
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Line 149: − '''IV. Education'''+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − <br>'''Homeschooled Christians'''+ − <br> − <br>Leonardo da Vinci − <br>Claude Monet − <br>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart − <br> − <br>Stonewall Jackson − <br>John Paul Jones − <br>Robert E. Lee − <br>Douglas MacArthur − <br>George Patton − <br> − <br>Alexander Graham Bell − <br>Thomas Edison − <br>Cyrus McCormick − <br>Orville and Wilbur Wright − <br> − <br>George Washington − <br>John Quincy Adams − <br>Thomas Jefferson − <br>James Madison − <br>William Henry Harrison − <br>John Tyler − <br>Abraham Lincoln − <br>Theodore Roosevelt − <br> − <br>Joan of Arc − <br>John the Baptist − <br>William Cary − <br>Jesus Christ − <br>Jonathan Edwards − <br>Dwight L. Moody − <br>John Newton − <br>Charles Wesley − <br>John Wesley − <br>Brigham Young − <br> − <br>George Washington Carver − <br>Pierre Curie − <br>Charles Louis Montesquieu − <br>Blaise Pascal − <br>Bernhard Riemann − <br>Booker T. Washington − <br> − <br>Winston Churchill − <br>Benjamin Franklin − <br>Patrick Henry − <br>William Penn − <br>Henry Clay − <br> − <br>Charles Evans Hughes − <br>John Jay − <br>John Marshall − <br>John Rutledge − <br> − <br>Hans Christian Andersen − <br>Pearl S. Buck − <br>Agatha Christie − <br>Charles Dickens − <br>Bret Harte − <br>C.S. Lewis − <br>Sean O’Casey − <br>George Bernard Shaw − <br>Mark Twain − <br>Daniel Webster − <br> − <br>George Clymer − <br>Benjamin Franklin − <br>William Livingston − <br>George Mason − <br>Charles Pickney III − <br>George Wyeth − <br> − <br>Ansel Adams − <br>Clara Barton − <br>John Burroughs − <br>Andrew Carnegie − <br>George Rogers Clark − <br>Florence Nightingale − <br>Leo Tolstoy − <br> − == and . . . you??? ==
navi
[[World History Lecture One|1]]-[[World History Lecture Two|2]]-[[World History Lecture Three|3]]-[[World History Lecture Four|4]]-[[World History Lecture Five|5]]-[[World History Lecture Six|6]]-[[World History Lecture Seven|7]]-[[World History Lecture Eight|8]]-[[World History Lecture Nine|9]]-[[World History Lecture Ten|10]]-[[World History Lecture Eleven|11]]-[[World History Lecture Twelve|12]]-[[World History Lecture Thirteen|13]]-[[World History Lecture Fourteen|14]]
[[World]] [[History]] – The World Today
[[World]] [[History]] – The World Today
<br>Fourteenth Lecture
<br>Fourteenth Lecture
<br>Instructor, Andy Schlafly
<br>Instructor, Andy Schlafly
Outline of Lecture:
==Introduction==
Our journey through world history reaches the present in this final lecture.
Our journey through world history reaches the present in this final lecture.
==World Trade==
One word sums up most historians’ view of the world today: “globalism”. That was not even a word 20 years ago. “Globalism” means treating the world as one political unit, as one massive village. Distances appear to be shortening between people, cultures and nations. Travel is more affordable for more people. Mobility is greater. Trade among nations is larger. Television and the internet link the world’s population of 6 or so billion people like never before.
One word sums up most historians’ view of the world today: “globalism”. That was not even a word 20 years ago. “Globalism” means treating the world as one political unit, as one massive village. Distances appear to be shortening between people, cultures and nations. Travel is more affordable for more people. Mobility is greater. Trade among nations is larger. Television and the internet link the world’s population of 6 or so billion people like never before.
The world today has numerous “multinational” companies having offices in many different countries. Many American companies now have offices or factories even in communist China now. These multinational companies are attracted by the low wages and inexpensive raw materials, and by the opportunity to sell their products there. Increased regulation and taxes in America also encourage companies to transfer to an offshore labor force.
The world today has numerous “multinational” companies having offices in many different countries. Many American companies now have offices or factories even in communist China now. These multinational companies are attracted by the low wages and inexpensive raw materials, and by the opportunity to sell their products there. Increased regulation and taxes in America also encourage companies to transfer to an offshore labor force.
===Trade===
Beginning soon after the end of World War II, the western nations discussed agreements to reduce tariffs for trade among themselves. In 1947, they entered into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in order to decrease tariffs that interfered with trade. This marked a significant change from how nations had used tariffs in the past to protect their domestic industries and raise revenue. Under GATT, western countries first froze the tariffs (preventing them from increasing) and later began reducing the tariffs. In 1995, this approach was taken one step further with the World Trade Organization (WTO), which included non-western countries and also established international courts for deciding trade disputes among nations. There are 150 members of the WTO today, and Vietnam joined it last week (Jan. 11, 2007).
Beginning soon after the end of World War II, the western nations discussed agreements to reduce tariffs for trade among themselves. In 1947, they entered into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in order to decrease tariffs that interfered with trade. This marked a significant change from how nations had used tariffs in the past to protect their domestic industries and raise revenue. Under GATT, western countries first froze the tariffs (preventing them from increasing) and later began reducing the tariffs. In 1995, this approach was taken one step further with the World Trade Organization (WTO), which included non-western countries and also established international courts for deciding trade disputes among nations. There are 150 members of the WTO today, and Vietnam joined it last week (Jan. 11, 2007).
The promotion of free trade has many opponents. Conservatives object to sending money to communist countries and the resultant loss of American manufacturing jobs to near-slave labor in foreign countries. Unions object to their loss of jobs. Many inside and outside the United States object to a culture of “consumerism”, such that people are encouraged to buy more than what they actually need. Brand names like McDonalds, Coca-Cola and Nike dominate television and the culture of teenagers. “McDonaldization” is when American advertising (as in the case of McDonalds) has an influence on the world culture, causing distant children (like Chinese) to repeat a McDonald’s slogan they heard on television.
The promotion of free trade has many opponents. Conservatives object to sending money to communist countries and the resultant loss of American manufacturing jobs to near-slave labor in foreign countries. Unions object to their loss of jobs. Many inside and outside the United States object to a culture of “consumerism”, such that people are encouraged to buy more than what they actually need. Brand names like McDonalds, Coca-Cola and Nike dominate television and the culture of teenagers. “McDonaldization” is when American advertising (as in the case of McDonalds) has an influence on the world culture, causing distant children (like Chinese) to repeat a McDonald’s slogan they heard on television.
===Energy===
Americans discovered crude oil (petroleum) near Titusville, Pennsylvania, and drilled their first oil there in 1859. It began yielding 25 barrels a day, but by the end of 1859 the flow had slowed to 15 barrels a day. The world would never be the same again. By 1906, American oil production had reached 126 million barrels a year. Today petroleum constitutes 40% of Americans’ overall energy consumption in the United States, with coal being the other big source of energy. Most of the cheap, readily accessible oil is under the control of Muslims in the Middle East.
Americans discovered crude oil (petroleum) near Titusville, Pennsylvania, and drilled their first oil there in 1859. It began yielding 25 barrels a day, but by the end of 1859 the flow had slowed to 15 barrels a day. The world would never be the same again. By 1906, American oil production had reached 126 million barrels a year. Today petroleum constitutes 40% of Americans’ overall energy consumption in the United States, with coal being the other big source of energy. Most of the cheap, readily accessible oil is under the control of Muslims in the Middle East.
In the late 1990s, politicians and some scientists began to cite a warming trend in the earth’s weather as evidence of a “global warming” caused by the burning of oil and the release of chlorofluorocarbons, a chemical. They blamed factory smokestacks and automobiles, and especially refrigerators and air conditioners. The loss of trees in rain forests was also supposedly a cause of global warming. Regulators began banning the use of certain chemicals in hairspray, and the Kyoto (Japan) Treaty was proposed to limit the pollution each country could generate each year. Political opposition in America prevented the United States from ratifying the Kyoto Treaty.
In the late 1990s, politicians and some scientists began to cite a warming trend in the earth’s weather as evidence of a “global warming” caused by the burning of oil and the release of chlorofluorocarbons, a chemical. They blamed factory smokestacks and automobiles, and especially refrigerators and air conditioners. The loss of trees in rain forests was also supposedly a cause of global warming. Regulators began banning the use of certain chemicals in hairspray, and the Kyoto (Japan) Treaty was proposed to limit the pollution each country could generate each year. Political opposition in America prevented the United States from ratifying the Kyoto Treaty.
===Technology===
Advances in communication technology, such as the internet and cell phones, has created a worldwide culture that increasingly prefers English over local languages. English is easier to type into a computer than Asian languages, for example. At the same time, the cultural varieties of distant places such as India and Southeast Asia can be appreciated more in the Western world. Restaurants featuring foreign food are prevalent across the United States now.
Advances in communication technology, such as the internet and cell phones, has created a worldwide culture that increasingly prefers English over local languages. English is easier to type into a computer than Asian languages, for example. At the same time, the cultural varieties of distant places such as India and Southeast Asia can be appreciated more in the Western world. Restaurants featuring foreign food are prevalent across the United States now.
The United Nations promotes abortion worldwide through its U.N. Fund for Population Activities. Even though the world population will peak and begin to decline in the 21st century, the promoters of abortion continue to demand more and more killing of unborn children. This is promoted using taxpayer money. The United Nations also pushes its pro-abortion agenda through the World Health Organization (WHO).
The United Nations promotes abortion worldwide through its U.N. Fund for Population Activities. Even though the world population will peak and begin to decline in the 21st century, the promoters of abortion continue to demand more and more killing of unborn children. This is promoted using taxpayer money. The United Nations also pushes its pro-abortion agenda through the World Health Organization (WHO).
===Agriculture===
The green revolution was a worldwide effort to increase the food supply through better farming, particularly in undernourished regions like India and South America. By increasing the amount of farmland and obtaining better crop yield from existing farms, the food supply increased such that India began producing more food than it could consume, and exported its surplus. Worldwide, the crops of rice, wheat and maize (corn) all increased.
The green revolution was a worldwide effort to increase the food supply through better farming, particularly in undernourished regions like India and South America. By increasing the amount of farmland and obtaining better crop yield from existing farms, the food supply increased such that India began producing more food than it could consume, and exported its surplus. Worldwide, the crops of rice, wheat and maize (corn) all increased.
Popular and easy to grow in the Asian climate, rice was historically the world's most popular crop. But maize (corn), wheat and sugar cane have surpassed rice in popularity. Here is the list of the most popular crops in the world today:
Popular and easy to grow in the Asian climate, rice was historically the world's most popular crop. But maize (corn), wheat and sugar cane have surpassed rice in popularity. Here is the list of the most popular crops in the world today:
# sugar cane
# maize (corn)
# wheat
# rice
# potatoes
# sugar beets
# soybeans
# oil palm fruit
# barley
# tomatoes
Pesticides and fertilizers were used to increase production during the green revolution, and many wonder if they are harmful to our diet. Today, there is controversial use of genetic engineering of crops to increase crop yield (the amount of food produced per a given area).
Pesticides and fertilizers were used to increase production during the green revolution, and many wonder if they are harmful to our diet. Today, there is controversial use of genetic engineering of crops to increase crop yield (the amount of food produced per a given area).
Environmentalists complained that increased irrigation for crops has depleted ground water and an increase in the salinity of the soil. Many ground wells in the United States may be polluted, though usually from hazardous waste (such as dumped oil) rather than from fertilizers or pesticides.
Environmentalists complained that increased irrigation for crops has depleted ground water and an increase in the salinity of the soil. Many ground wells in the United States may be polluted, though usually from hazardous waste (such as dumped oil) rather than from fertilizers or pesticides.
===Outer Space===
In the 1950s and 1960s, the United States and Soviet Union engaged in a “Space Race” to see who could explore and perhaps claim outer space first. In 1957, the Soviet Union shocked Americans by being the first to launch spacecraft (“Sputnik”) into orbit. The first astronaut was a dog named Laika, which sadly did not return alive. The name “Sputnik” inspired the name chosen by a hippie-like leader of a new counterculture movement in San Francisco: “beatnik”. The beatniks in the late 1950s laid the foundation for the hippies in the 1960s.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the United States and Soviet Union engaged in a “Space Race” to see who could explore and perhaps claim outer space first. In 1957, the Soviet Union shocked Americans by being the first to launch spacecraft (“Sputnik”) into orbit. The first astronaut was a dog named Laika, which sadly did not return alive. The name “Sputnik” inspired the name chosen by a hippie-like leader of a new counterculture movement in San Francisco: “beatnik”. The beatniks in the late 1950s laid the foundation for the hippies in the 1960s.
Americans continued to explore planets with the Hubble Telescope (to explore distant space in 1990) and the Pathfinder space probe (landing on Mars in 1997). For most of the 20th century scientists (and popular movies) claimed that life must exist in outer space. But despite all this exploration, no extraterrestrial life has ever been found.
Americans continued to explore planets with the Hubble Telescope (to explore distant space in 1990) and the Pathfinder space probe (landing on Mars in 1997). For most of the 20th century scientists (and popular movies) claimed that life must exist in outer space. But despite all this exploration, no extraterrestrial life has ever been found.
==Security==
As communications and travel makes the world seem like a smaller place, security issues become more important. America can no longer rely on the vast distance of the oceans to protect herself from her enemies. A terrorist is only a few hours away by plane, or by car in crossing a border.
As communications and travel makes the world seem like a smaller place, security issues become more important. America can no longer rely on the vast distance of the oceans to protect herself from her enemies. A terrorist is only a few hours away by plane, or by car in crossing a border.
No one wants a terrorist to obtain a nuclear bomb. Most developed countries signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968 as a way of keeping nuclear arms out of the hands of terrorists and rogue nations. India and Pakistan never signed this treaty, and in 1998 both successfully detonated nuclear explosions in tests, proving that they have atomic bombs.
No one wants a terrorist to obtain a nuclear bomb. Most developed countries signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968 as a way of keeping nuclear arms out of the hands of terrorists and rogue nations. India and Pakistan never signed this treaty, and in 1998 both successfully detonated nuclear explosions in tests, proving that they have atomic bombs.
===Northern Ireland===
Ireland is an island slightly northwest of England. “Northern Ireland” is in the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland. Northern Ireland has about a million people, with slightly more Protestants than Catholics. It is part of the United Kingdom rather than the country of Ireland. Its Northern Ireland Assembly has 108 elected officials, of whom 59 are “Unionists” (who support remaining in the United Kingdom) and 42 are “Nationalist” (who seek joining the independent Irish Republic). The other seven do not specify their allegiance. The largest Christian denominations are Catholic, the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Anglican Church of Ireland, and the Methodist Church, with the total number of Protestant members outnumbering the Catholics.
Ireland is an island slightly northwest of England. “Northern Ireland” is in the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland. Northern Ireland has about a million people, with slightly more Protestants than Catholics. It is part of the United Kingdom rather than the country of Ireland. Its Northern Ireland Assembly has 108 elected officials, of whom 59 are “Unionists” (who support remaining in the United Kingdom) and 42 are “Nationalist” (who seek joining the independent Irish Republic). The other seven do not specify their allegiance. The largest Christian denominations are Catholic, the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Anglican Church of Ireland, and the Methodist Church, with the total number of Protestant members outnumbering the Catholics.
This event made many Irish feel that complete independence is the only solution, and that armed revolt is the only way to achieve independence. Membership in the IRA then soared. At one point they launched handheld missiles on the headquarters of the British prime minister, in the hopes of killing John Major. He escaped injury. More recently, violence in Northern Ireland has subsided, but there is no end to the controversy over whether the Protestants or Catholics should rule that northeastern corner of Ireland.
This event made many Irish feel that complete independence is the only solution, and that armed revolt is the only way to achieve independence. Membership in the IRA then soared. At one point they launched handheld missiles on the headquarters of the British prime minister, in the hopes of killing John Major. He escaped injury. More recently, violence in Northern Ireland has subsided, but there is no end to the controversy over whether the Protestants or Catholics should rule that northeastern corner of Ireland.
===Terrorism===
Islamic terrorism has long plagued the Middle East. Palestinian terrorists grabbed and murdered eleven Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972, shocking the world. A suicide bomber drove a truck of explosives up to a barracks of American Marines in Beirut, Lebanon, and detonated an explosion that destroyed their building, killing 241 of them in 1983. Within a year President Reagan pulled American troops out of Beirut. In March 1998, terrorists bombed American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. Most suspected Osama Bin Laden as the mastermind behind these attacks.
Islamic terrorism has long plagued the Middle East. Palestinian terrorists grabbed and murdered eleven Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972, shocking the world. A suicide bomber drove a truck of explosives up to a barracks of American Marines in Beirut, Lebanon, and detonated an explosion that destroyed their building, killing 241 of them in 1983. Within a year President Reagan pulled American troops out of Beirut. In March 1998, terrorists bombed American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. Most suspected Osama Bin Laden as the mastermind behind these attacks.
In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq after Saddam Hussein refused to cooperate with inspectors of his nuclear facility and Americans feared that he had weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The Iraq War was initially very successful for Americans, as Baghdad was captured quicker than expected. The use of new body armor by American soldiers saved many lives that would have been lost at an earlier time. At the end of 2006 Saddam Hussein himself, after being captured by an American soldier and tried by the Iraqis, was hanged for his crimes. But in early 2007, three years after President Bush had announced victory in the war, he asked the American people to send 20,000 more troops to Iraq to try to finish the job. Terrorists there have caused a continuing stream of violence and killings for over three years.
In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq after Saddam Hussein refused to cooperate with inspectors of his nuclear facility and Americans feared that he had weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The Iraq War was initially very successful for Americans, as Baghdad was captured quicker than expected. The use of new body armor by American soldiers saved many lives that would have been lost at an earlier time. At the end of 2006 Saddam Hussein himself, after being captured by an American soldier and tried by the Iraqis, was hanged for his crimes. But in early 2007, three years after President Bush had announced victory in the war, he asked the American people to send 20,000 more troops to Iraq to try to finish the job. Terrorists there have caused a continuing stream of violence and killings for over three years.
===Migration===
In the second half of the 20th century, people increasingly migrated to the United States and Europe. In the United States, the immigrants were welcomed with jobs. In Europe, the immigrants were first welcomed with jobs and became “guest workers,” but when the jobs became scarce the governments would welcome the immigrants with welfare. Some migrated to Muslim countries in the Middle East to work on oil wells.
In the second half of the 20th century, people increasingly migrated to the United States and Europe. In the United States, the immigrants were welcomed with jobs. In Europe, the immigrants were first welcomed with jobs and became “guest workers,” but when the jobs became scarce the governments would welcome the immigrants with welfare. Some migrated to Muslim countries in the Middle East to work on oil wells.
There has also been much migration within a same country. In developing countries, migration from rural areas to big cities caused huge increases in city population, and tons of pollution. Mexico City has become one of the most populated cities in the world from this type of migration. In developed countries like the United States, there is substantial migration in the opposite direction, from the city to the countryside, where it is easier to raise a family.
There has also been much migration within a same country. In developing countries, migration from rural areas to big cities caused huge increases in city population, and tons of pollution. Mexico City has become one of the most populated cities in the world from this type of migration. In developed countries like the United States, there is substantial migration in the opposite direction, from the city to the countryside, where it is easier to raise a family.
===Human Rights===
In Africa, ethnic cleansing plagued the nations of Kwanda (where the Tutsi minority was slaughtered by the Hutu majority) and in the Middle East, where the nomadic Kurds have been persecuted by Turks, Iranians and, most recently, Iraqis. The former Yugoslavia has also been accused of ethnic cleansing.
In Africa, ethnic cleansing plagued the nations of Kwanda (where the Tutsi minority was slaughtered by the Hutu majority) and in the Middle East, where the nomadic Kurds have been persecuted by Turks, Iranians and, most recently, Iraqis. The former Yugoslavia has also been accused of ethnic cleansing.
Public praise of Christian human rights workers is also rare. But in 1979 the Nobel Prize committee broke from its own tradition and gave an award to an outwardly religious woman, Mother Teresa of Calcutta, India. She was recognized for her work on behalf of the sick and poor of India. When the government of India announced its intention to tax her award, thereby preventing her from contributing it to her work, an international outcry caused the Indian government to allow her to receive her award tax-free. When Mother Teresa died in 1997, Indians gave her a funeral with full military honors!
Public praise of Christian human rights workers is also rare. But in 1979 the Nobel Prize committee broke from its own tradition and gave an award to an outwardly religious woman, Mother Teresa of Calcutta, India. She was recognized for her work on behalf of the sick and poor of India. When the government of India announced its intention to tax her award, thereby preventing her from contributing it to her work, an international outcry caused the Indian government to allow her to receive her award tax-free. When Mother Teresa died in 1997, Indians gave her a funeral with full military honors!
==Education==
The Christian population has steady increased from 0% in 6 B.C. to 33% today. Although Christians have always been a minority in the world, this minority has led the world in accomplishments and achievements.
The Christian population has steady increased from 0% in 6 B.C. to 33% today. Although Christians have always been a minority in the world, this minority has led the world in accomplishments and achievements.
Among Christians there has been a special group: the homeschoolers. Though even smaller in number, they have accomplished much for Christ and the world. Now that we have covered all of world history, ask yourself how many of the following homeschooled achievers you can identify:
Among Christians there has been a special group: the homeschoolers. Though even smaller in number, they have accomplished much for Christ and the world. Now that we have covered all of world history, ask yourself how many of the following homeschooled achievers you can identify:
===Homeschooled Christians===
*Leonardo da Vinci
*Claude Monet
*Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
<br />
*Stonewall Jackson
*John Paul Jones
*Robert E. Lee
*Douglas MacArthur
*George Patton
<br />
*Alexander Graham Bell
*Thomas Edison
*Cyrus McCormick
*Orville and Wilbur Wright
<br />
*George Washington
*John Quincy Adams
*Thomas Jefferson
*James Madison
*William Henry Harrison
*John Tyler
*Abraham Lincoln
*Theodore Roosevelt
<br />
*Joan of Arc
*John the Baptist
*William Cary
*Jesus Christ
*Jonathan Edwards
*Dwight L. Moody
*John Newton
*Charles Wesley
*John Wesley
*Brigham Young
<br />
*George Washington Carver
*Pierre Curie
*Charles Louis Montesquieu
*Blaise Pascal
*Bernhard Riemann
*Booker T. Washington
<br />
*Winston Churchill
*Benjamin Franklin
*Patrick Henry
*William Penn
*Henry Clay
<br />
*Charles Evans Hughes
*John Jay
*John Marshall
*John Rutledge
<br />
*Hans Christian Andersen
*Pearl S. Buck
*Agatha Christie
*Charles Dickens
*Bret Harte
*C.S. Lewis
*Sean O’Casey
*George Bernard Shaw
*Mark Twain
*Daniel Webster
<br />
*George Clymer
*Benjamin Franklin
*William Livingston
*George Mason
*Charles Pickney III
*George Wyeth
<br />
*Ansel Adams
*Clara Barton
*John Burroughs
*Andrew Carnegie
*George Rogers Clark
*Florence Nightingale
*Leo Tolstoy
<br>
<br>
*and... you??
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:History]]