Changes

Ganymede appears to have a strong inductive magnetic moment. Its ''permanent'' equatorial magnetic flux density is 7.19 milligauss, stronger than that measured at any other moon. This is consistent with a magnetic dipole moment of 1.31 * 10²⁰ N-m/T. The magnetic dipole moment ''at creation'' was probably 3.49 * 10²² N-m/T, consistent with a decay time of about 1099 years and a half-life of 762 years.<ref name=Humphreys>Humphreys, D. R. "[http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/21/21_3/21_3.html The Creation of Planetary Magnetic Fields]." ''[[Creation Research Society Quarterly]]'' 21(3), December 1984. Accessed April 29, 2008.</ref>

Ganymede appears to have a strong inductive magnetic moment. Its ''permanent'' equatorial magnetic flux density is 7.19 milligauss, stronger than that measured at any other moon. This is consistent with a magnetic dipole moment of 1.31 * 10²⁰ N-m/T. The magnetic dipole moment ''at creation'' was probably 3.49 * 10²² N-m/T, consistent with a decay time of about 1099 years and a half-life of 762 years.<ref name=Humphreys>Humphreys, D. R. "[http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/21/21_3/21_3.html The Creation of Planetary Magnetic Fields]." ''[[Creation Research Society Quarterly]]'' 21(3), December 1984. Accessed April 29, 2008.</ref>

The above implies a conductive liquid between the crust and the core, most likely a saltwater ocean about 146 km deep to the surface and extending to the outer mantle.<ref name=Kivelson/><ref name=jplocean>"[http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2000/aguganymederoundup.html Solar System's Largest Moon Likely Has a Hidden Ocean]." Press release 12/12/00 GW 00-XXX, [[JPL]], [[NASA]], December 12, 2000. Accessed February 18, 2008.</ref>

However, the permanent magnetic moment does not account for all the magnetic fluxes on Ganymede. Ganymede lies well within Jupiter's magnetic field, and this field is likely inducing an electrical current within a conducting shell having a radius almost as long as that of Ganymede itself. This shell is probably a conductive liquid between the crust and the core, most likely a saltwater ocean about 146 km deep to the surface and extending to the outer mantle.<ref name=Kivelson/><ref name=jplocean>"[http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2000/aguganymederoundup.html Solar System's Largest Moon Likely Has a Hidden Ocean]." Press release 12/12/00 GW 00-XXX, [[JPL]], [[NASA]], December 12, 2000. Accessed February 18, 2008.</ref>

In 1995, the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] team developed evidence for the manufacture of [[ozone]] on Ganymede.<ref name=HST>Villard, Ray, and Noll, Keith. "[http://www.solarviews.com/eng/ganypr.htm Hubble Finds Ozone on Jupiter's Moon Ganymede]." Press release STScI-PR95-36, October 10, 1995. Reproduced at ''Solarviews''. Accessed February 18, 1995.</ref> Speculation on the origin of this ozone has centered on radioactive particles trapped within Jupiter's own magnetic field in a Van Allen-type radiation belt that actually extends beyond Ganymede's orbit.

In 1995, the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] team developed evidence for the manufacture of [[ozone]] on Ganymede.<ref name=HST>Villard, Ray, and Noll, Keith. "[http://www.solarviews.com/eng/ganypr.htm Hubble Finds Ozone on Jupiter's Moon Ganymede]." Press release STScI-PR95-36, October 10, 1995. Reproduced at ''Solarviews''. Accessed February 18, 1995.</ref> Speculation on the origin of this ozone has centered on radioactive particles trapped within Jupiter's own magnetic field in a Van Allen-type radiation belt that actually extends beyond Ganymede's orbit.