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'''Fred Hoyle''' (1915-2001) was a British [[astronomer]] who developed the [[steady state]] theory of [[cosmology]].

'''Fred Hoyle''' (1915-2001) was a British [[astronomer]] who developed the [[steady state theory]] of [[cosmology]].

He was noted for his rejection of [[naturalistic]] theories of how the [[universe]] came into being.<ref>He supported the [[anthropic principle]], holding that there is a [[design in creation]]: the universe was designed in such a way as to produce life. [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm]</ref>

He was noted for his rejection of [[naturalistic]] theories of how the [[universe]] came into being.<ref>He supported the [[anthropic principle]], holding that there is a [[design in creation]]: the universe was designed in such a way as to produce life. [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm]</ref>

Nobel Prize winner William Alfred Fowler wrote: "Fred Hoyle was the second great influence in my life. The grand concept of nucleosynthesis in stars was first definitely established by Hoyle in 1946."<ref>http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm</ref> During a radio lecture, he coined the term "[[Big Bang theory|big bang]]" to ridicule the theory (which he disbelieved<ref>Hoyle held out against Big Bang theory, even post-1965, when the discovery of the microwave background led most cosmologists to favor it. [http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-54/iss-11/p75b.html Physics Today] obituary </ref>) that the universe began from an explosion.

Nobel Prize winner [[William Alfred Fowler]] wrote: "Fred Hoyle was the second great influence in my life. The grand concept of nucleosynthesis in stars was first definitely established by Hoyle in 1946."<ref>http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm</ref> During a radio lecture, he coined the term "[[Big Bang theory|big bang]]" to ridicule the theory (which he disbelieved<ref>Hoyle held out against Big Bang theory, even post-1965, when the discovery of a microwave background in the universe led most cosmologists to favor it. [http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-54/iss-11/p75b.html Physics Today] obituary </ref>) that the universe began from an explosion.

Hoyle was best known for his seminal contributions to the theory of the structure of [[star]]s and on the origin of the chemical elements in stars. He was a joint proponent of the [[steady state model of the universe]], which claims, in contradiction to the [[Biblical creation account]], that the universe had no beginning.

Hoyle was best known for his seminal contributions to the theory of the structure of [[star]]s and on the origin of the chemical elements in stars. He was a joint proponent of the steady state model of the universe, which claims, in contradiction to the [[Biblical creation account]], that the universe had no beginning.

In an obvious punishment of Hoyle, the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1983 was awarded to underlings for his work.{{fact}}

In an obvious punishment of Hoyle, the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1983 was awarded to underlings for his work.{{fact}}

By 1946 Hoyle had formulated the original and still generally accepted idea that the elements are generated in evolving stars and injected into the interstellar medium by [[supernova]] explosions. In 1957 he collaborated with William Alfred Fowler, Margaret Burbidge and Geoffrey Burbidge on an epoch-making paper on the nucleosynthesis of elements in stars.<ref>http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0275%2FHoyle</ref>

By 1946 Hoyle had formulated the original and still generally accepted idea that the elements are generated in evolving stars and injected into the interstellar medium by [[supernova]] explosions. In 1957 he collaborated with William Alfred Fowler, Margaret Burbidge and Geoffrey Burbidge on an epoch-making paper on the nucleosynthesis of elements in stars.<ref>http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0275%2FHoyle</ref>

{{quotebox|"The likelihood (probability) of the [[spontaneous generation|spontaneous formation]] of life from inanimate matter is one to number with 40,000 noughts after it...  It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole [[theory of evolution]].  There was no [[primeval soup]], neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random, they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence."  Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space  (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148. [http://www.discoveryevent.com/quotes1.htm]}}

{{quotebox|"The likelihood (probability) of the [[spontaneous generation|spontaneous formation]] of life from inanimate matter is one to number with 40,000 noughts after it...  It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole [[theory of evolution]].  There was no [[primeval soup]], neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random, they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence."  Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space  (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148. <ref>http://www.discoveryevent.com/quotes1.htm</ref>}}

==References==

==References==