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Line 23: − In May of 2000, the [[American Psychiatric Association]] issued a fact sheet stating that "..there are no replicated scientific studies supporting a specific biological [[etiology]] for homosexuality.<ref name="cwfa" />+ − − Recent experiments in molecular genetics found that when certain genes were mutated in male fruit flies, that the flies would mate with both females and males. This finding has lent support to the position that homosexuality could have a genetic component.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=18066061&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum</ref> − − In any event, the search for a single "gay gene" largely misses the point. Sexual orientation is most likely caused by a complex interaction between a number of genes and the environment. Homosexual ''behavior'', regardless of one's "orientation" is still voluntary and subject to control by the human will, just as heterosexual behavior is. Sex and intimacy, though, are basic necessities of human life, and acting on them, whether they be heterosexual or homosexual, is natural. − − −
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{{Cquote|On July 16, 1993, it was reported in Science (pp. 291, 321) that geneticist Dean Hamer and his team at the [[National Cancer Institute]] had reported on a study involving 40 pairs of brothers both of whom were gay that had led them to conclude that they had discovered a factor on the X [[chromosome]] through which gayness was genetically transmitted to them from their mothers. This was hailed as proof that homosexuality in men is biological in origin. Two years later, however, Eliot Marshall reported in ''Science'' (June 30, 1995, p.268) George Ebers and George Rice of the University of Western Ontario had unsuccessfully attempted to replicate Hamer's findings and had "found no evidence that gayness is passed from mother to son" genetically. He also reported that the Office of Research Integrity in the Department of Health and Human Services was investigating Hamer's work.<ref>http://www.narth.com/docs/1996papers/silverman.html</ref>}}
{{Cquote|On July 16, 1993, it was reported in Science (pp. 291, 321) that geneticist Dean Hamer and his team at the [[National Cancer Institute]] had reported on a study involving 40 pairs of brothers both of whom were gay that had led them to conclude that they had discovered a factor on the X [[chromosome]] through which gayness was genetically transmitted to them from their mothers. This was hailed as proof that homosexuality in men is biological in origin. Two years later, however, Eliot Marshall reported in ''Science'' (June 30, 1995, p.268) George Ebers and George Rice of the University of Western Ontario had unsuccessfully attempted to replicate Hamer's findings and had "found no evidence that gayness is passed from mother to son" genetically. He also reported that the Office of Research Integrity in the Department of Health and Human Services was investigating Hamer's work.<ref>http://www.narth.com/docs/1996papers/silverman.html</ref>}}
Homosexual ''behavior'' [[Homosexuality and choice|is voluntary and subject to control by the human will]], just as heterosexual behavior is. Sex and intimacy, though, are basic necessities of human life, and acting on them, whether they be heterosexual or homosexual, is natural.
==Work of the Human Genome Project==
==Work of the Human Genome Project==
*Dr. Collins succinctly reviewed the research on homosexuality and offers the following: "An area of particularly strong public interest is the genetic basis of homosexuality. Evidence from twin studies does in fact support the conclusion that heritable factors play a role in male homosexuality. However, the likelihood that the identical twin of a homosexual male will also be gay is about 20% (compared with 2-4 percent of males in the general population), indicating that sexual orientation is genetically influenced but not hardwired by DNA, and that whatever genes are involved represent predispositions, not predeterminations." <ref name="narth">http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html</ref>
*Dr. Collins succinctly reviewed the research on homosexuality and offers the following: "An area of particularly strong public interest is the genetic basis of homosexuality. Evidence from twin studies does in fact support the conclusion that heritable factors play a role in male homosexuality. However, the likelihood that the identical twin of a homosexual male will also be gay is about 20% (compared with 2-4 percent of males in the general population), indicating that sexual orientation is genetically influenced but not hardwired by DNA, and that whatever genes are involved represent predispositions, not predeterminations." <ref name="narth">http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html</ref>