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The covariance between two [[random variables]] ''X'' and ''Y'', having [[expected value]]s <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> respectively, is as follows:
The covariance between two [[random variables]] ''X'' and ''Y'', having [[expected value]]s <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> respectively, is as follows:
: <math>\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}((X - \mu) (Y - \nu)), \,</math>
: <math>\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}[(X - \mu) (Y - \nu)], \,</math>
where E is the operator for the [[expected value]].
where E is the operator for the [[expected value]].