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'''Transcription''' is the biological process by which [[prokaryotic]] and [[eukaryotic]] cells generate single stranded [[RNA]]
'''Transcription''' is the biological process by which [[prokaryotic]] and [[eukaryotic]] cells generate single stranded [[RNA]]
through the enzymatic action of a specific isoform of [[RNA polymerase]]. It is the intermediary step in the production of [[protein|proteins]], and the final step for non-protein coding RNAs. Protein coding genes are transcribed into mRNA which are then translated by the [[ribosome]] to create a nascent [[polypeptides|polypetide]] chain.
through the enzymatic action of a specific isoform of [[RNA polymerase]]. It is the intermediary step in the production of [[protein|proteins]], and the final step for non-protein coding RNAs. Protein-coding genes are transcribed into mRNA which are then translated by the [[ribosome]] to create a nascent [[polypeptides|polypetide]] chain.
Non-protein coding RNAs are transcribed from [[DNA]] for the production of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and small nuclear RNAs which serve various other functions in the cell. The biochemical process for transcription is similar to [[DNA replication]] in that it requires the action of multiple enzymes to unravel double-stranded genomic DNA which allows an enzyme ([[polymerase]]) to processively catalyze the formation of a complementary strand based on proper [[nucleotide]] base pairing.
In virally-infected cells, both RNA and DNA can be transcribed, and the resulting double-stranded RNA is an alarm signal for infection, as it is captured by the [[RNA interference]] pathway, imported into the [[endplasmic reticulum]] and then displayed on the cell surface in a specific subtype of MHC class II molecules. These short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) cause the production of [[interferon]]s, and the activation of the immune system.
Non-protein coding RNAs are transcribed from [[DNA]] for the production of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and small nuclear RNAs which serve various other functions in the cell. The biochemical process for transcription is similar to [[DNA replication]] in that it requires the action of multiple enzymes to unravel double-stranded genomic DNA, which allows an enzyme ([[polymerase]]) to processively catalyze the formation of a complementary strand based on proper [[nucleotide]] base pairing.
[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Biology]]