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tweak 1884
Reform was the theme at the national level in 1884, and Cleveland, governor of the largest and closest state, won the Democratic nomination for president as a new face with a sterling reputation "We love him most for the enemies he has made," exulted one delegate. The GOP nominated long-time Congressional leader [[James G. Blaine]] for president. Blaine was an able legislator, but was surrounded by whiffs of scandal. A Republican faction calling itself "Mugwumps" broke with Blaine and supported Cleveland.
Reform was the theme at the national level in 1884, and Cleveland, governor of the largest and closest state, won the Democratic nomination for president as a new face with a sterling reputation "We love him most for the enemies he has made," exulted one delegate. The GOP nominated long-time Congressional leader [[James G. Blaine]] for president. Blaine was an able legislator, but was surrounded by whiffs of scandal. A Republican faction calling itself "Mugwumps" broke with Blaine and supported Cleveland.
The election of 1884 saw an intensely fought very close contest that turned on the electoral vote of New York. Cleveland crusaded against the corruptions represented by long-time Washington insider [[James G. Blaine]], the GOP candidate. Part of Blaine's problem centered around a suspicious letter which terminated with the words, "burn this letter." Blaine's detractors marched and chanted, "Burn, Burn, Burn this letter!" The discovery that Cleveland -- a bachelor--was paying child support gave the GOP a moralistic counter-issue of its own, and a chant, “Ma! Ma! Where’s my Pa?”<ref> Several men could have been the father; Cleveland, the wealthiest, paid the child support perhaps was not the father. </ref> Blaine had made inroads into the Irish Catholic vote, normally 90+% Democratic, but lost it at the last minute. Cleveland's narrow margin in New York proved decisive, as he won the national popular vote by only 29,000 votes. Victory gave Democrats a new response, "Gone to the White House! Ha Ha Ha!"
The election of 1884 saw an intensely fought very close contest that turned on the electoral vote of New York. Cleveland crusaded against the corruptions represented by long-time Washington insider [[James G. Blaine]], the GOP candidate. Part of Blaine's problem centered around a suspicious letter which terminated with the words, "burn this letter." Blaine's detractors marched and chanted, "Burn, Burn, Burn this letter!" The discovery that Cleveland -- a bachelor--was paying child support gave the GOP a moralistic counter-issue of its own, and a chant, “Ma! Ma! Where’s my Pa?”<ref> Several men could have been the father; Cleveland, the wealthiest, paid the child support perhaps was not the father. </ref>
Blaine had made inroads into the Irish Catholic vote, normally 90+% Democratic, but blundered when a Protestant minister introduced him and denounced the Democratic party as the party of "Rum, Romanism and Rebellion." That is, the Democrats were the party of saloons, Catholics and Confederates; Catholics resented the slur and Blaine should have immediately repudiated it but failed to do so. Blaine lost his gains among Catholics at the last minute, and lost some Republican support to a prohibitionist candidate. Cleveland's narrow margin in New York state proved decisive, as he won the national popular vote by only 29,000 votes. In a very close election any number of small, almost random factors could be seen as decisive. Victory gave Democrats a new response, "Gone to the White House! Ha Ha Ha!"
===Marriage===
===Marriage===
* Bard, Mitchell. "Ideology and Depression Politics I: Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1985 15(1): 77-88.
* Bard, Mitchell. "Ideology and Depression Politics I: Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1985 15(1): 77-88.
* Beito, David T., and Linda Royster Beito, "Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896-1900," ''Independent Review'' 4 (Spring 2000), 555-75. [http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?issueID=22&articleID=261 online edition]
* Beito, David T., and Linda Royster Beito, "Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896-1900," ''Independent Review'' 4 (Spring 2000), 555-75. [http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?issueID=22&articleID=261 online edition], liberatrian perspective
* Blake, Nelson M. "Background of Cleveland's Venezuelan Policy." ''American Historical Review'' 1942 47(2): 259-277. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1841667 in Jstor]
* Blake, Nelson M. "Background of Cleveland's Venezuelan Policy." ''American Historical Review'' 1942 47(2): 259-277. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1841667 in Jstor]
** LaFeber, Walter/ "The Background of Cleveland's Venezuelan Policy: A Reinterpretation," ''American Historical Review,’’ Vol. 66, No. 4 (Jul., 1961), pp. 947-967 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1845865 in JSTOR], left-wing view
** LaFeber, Walter/ "The Background of Cleveland's Venezuelan Policy: A Reinterpretation," ''American Historical Review,’’ Vol. 66, No. 4 (Jul., 1961), pp. 947-967 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1845865 in JSTOR], left-wing view
* Blodgett, Geoffrey. "Ethno-cultural Realities in Presidential Patronage: Grover Cleveland's Choices" ''New York History'' 2000 81(2): 189-210. ISSN 0146-437X when a German American leader called for fewer appointments of Irish Americans, Cleveland instead appointed more Germans
* Blodgett, Geoffrey. "Ethno-cultural Realities in Presidential Patronage: Grover Cleveland's Choices" ''New York History'' 2000 81(2): 189-210. ISSN 0146-437X; when a German American leader called for fewer appointments of Irish Americans, Cleveland instead appointed more Germans
* Campbell, Ballard C. ''The Growth of American Government: Governance From The Cleveland Era to the Present.'' (1995). 289 pp., argues that Cleveland began the steady expansion of federal role
* Dewey, Davis Rich. ''Financial History of the United States'' (1902) 530 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=6DQ5AAAAMAAJ&dq=Dewey,+Davis+Rich.+''Financial+History+of+the+United+States''&pg=PP1&ots=d82Sy5IWWh&sig=0KRSKOCcrBBjzIOHEdEUXI3wbz8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result]
* Dewey, Davis Rich. ''Financial History of the United States'' (1902) 530 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=6DQ5AAAAMAAJ&dq=Dewey,+Davis+Rich.+''Financial+History+of+the+United+States''&pg=PP1&ots=d82Sy5IWWh&sig=0KRSKOCcrBBjzIOHEdEUXI3wbz8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result]
* Dewey, Davis R. '' National Problems: 1880-1897'' (1907), survey of era [http://books.google.com/books?id=sgQOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=intitle:National+intitle:Problems+inauthor:dewey&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition]
* Dewey, Davis R. '' National Problems: 1880-1897'' (1907), survey of era [http://books.google.com/books?id=sgQOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=intitle:National+intitle:Problems+inauthor:dewey&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition]
* Doenecke, Justus. "Grover Cleveland and the Enforcement of the Civil Service Act" ''Hayes Historical Journal'' 1984 4(3): 44-58. ISSN 0364-5924
* Doenecke, Justus. "Grover Cleveland and the Enforcement of the Civil Service Act," ''Hayes Historical Journal'' 1984 4(3): 44-58. ISSN 0364-5924, by conservative historian
* Faulkner, Harold U. ''Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890-1900'' (1959), survey of decade, [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8541336 online edition]
* Faulkner, Harold U. ''Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890-1900'' (1959), scholarly survey of decade, [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8541336 online edition]
* Ford, Henry Jones. ''The Cleveland Era: A Chronicle of the New Order in Politics'' (1921), [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext02/cleve10.txt short overview online]
* Ford, Henry Jones. ''The Cleveland Era: A Chronicle of the New Order in Politics'' (1921), [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext02/cleve10.txt short overview online]
* Hirsch, Mark D. ''William C. Whitney, Modern Warwick'' (1948), good scholarly biography of close aide [http://www.questia.com/read/95299558?title=William%20C.%20Whitney%2c%20Modern%20Warwick online edition]
* Hirsch, Mark D. ''William C. Whitney, Modern Warwick'' (1948), good scholarly biography of close aide [http://www.questia.com/read/95299558?title=William%20C.%20Whitney%2c%20Modern%20Warwick online edition]
* Hoffman, Karen S. "'Going Public' in the Nineteenth Century: Grover Cleveland's Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act" ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 2002 5(1): 57-77. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhetoric_and_public_affairs/v005/5.1hoffman.html in Project Muse]
* Hoffman, Karen S. "'Going Public' in the Nineteenth Century: Grover Cleveland's Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act" ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 2002 5(1): 57-77. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhetoric_and_public_affairs/v005/5.1hoffman.html in Project Muse]
* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971)
* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971), by a conservative historian
* Kelley, Robert. "Presbyterianism, Jacksonianism and Grover Cleveland." ''American Quarterly'' 1966 18(4): 615-636. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2711386 Jstor], on Cleveland’s religion and its political implications
* Kelley, Robert. "Presbyterianism, Jacksonianism and Grover Cleveland." ''American Quarterly'' 1966 18(4): 615-636. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2711386 Jstor], on Cleveland’s religion and its political implications
* Klinghard, Daniel P. "Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and the Emergence of the President as Party Leader." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 35, 2005 [http://www.questia.com/read/5012022855?title=Grover%20Cleveland%2c%20William%20McKinley%2c%20and%20the%20Emergence%20of%20the%20President%20as%20Party%20Leader online edition]
* Klinghard, Daniel P. "Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and the Emergence of the President as Party Leader." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 35, 2005 [http://www.questia.com/read/5012022855?title=Grover%20Cleveland%2c%20William%20McKinley%2c%20and%20the%20Emergence%20of%20the%20President%20as%20Party%20Leader online edition]
* Meador, Daniel J. "Lamar to the Court: Last Step to National Reunion" ''Supreme Court Historical Society Yearbook 1986'': 27-47. ISSN 0362-5249
* Meador, Daniel J. "Lamar to the Court: Last Step to National Reunion" ''Supreme Court Historical Society Yearbook 1986'': 27-47. ISSN 0362-5249
* Morgan, H. Wayne. ''From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877-1896'' (1969), thorough scholarly survey [http://www.questia.com/library/book/from-hayes-to-mckinley-national-party-politics-1877-1896-by-h-wayne-morgan.jsp online edition]
* Morgan, H. Wayne. ''From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877-1896'' (1969), thorough scholarly survey [http://www.questia.com/library/book/from-hayes-to-mckinley-national-party-politics-1877-1896-by-h-wayne-morgan.jsp online edition]
* Summers, Festus P. ''William L. Wilson and Tariff Reform, a Biography'' (1953) [http://www.questia.com/read/61582005 online edition]
* Summers, Festus P. ''William L. Wilson and Tariff Reform, a Biography'' (1953) [http://www.questia.com/read/61582005 online edition], admires Cleveland
* Summers, Mark Wahlgren. ''Rum, Romanism & Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884'' (2000) campaign techniques and issues [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104865169 online edition]
* Summers, Mark Wahlgren. ''Rum, Romanism & Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884'' (2000) campaign techniques and issues [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104865169 online edition]
* Welch, Richard E. Jr. ''The Presidencies of Grover Cleveland'' (1988) standard scholarly overview of his two administrations
* Welch, Richard E. Jr. ''The Presidencies of Grover Cleveland'' (1988) standard scholarly overview of his two administrations