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Crone and Cook co-authored a book called ''[[Hagarism]]'' (1980), which was extremely controversial at the time, as it challenged not only Muslim orthodoxy, but the prevailing attitudes among secular Islamicists. They alleged that Islam was formed slowly, over the centuries after the Muslim conquests, as the Islamic conquerors elaborated their beliefs in response to Jewish and Christian challenges..<ref>P. Crone and M. Cook, ''Hagarism: The Making Of The Islamic World'', 1977, Cambridge University Press </ref>

Crone and Cook co-authored a book called ''[[Hagarism]]'' (1980), which was extremely controversial at the time, as it challenged not only Muslim orthodoxy, but the prevailing attitudes among secular Islamicists. They alleged that Islam was formed slowly, over the centuries after the Muslim conquests, as the Islamic conquerors elaborated their beliefs in response to Jewish and Christian challenges..<ref>P. Crone and M. Cook, ''Hagarism: The Making Of The Islamic World'', 1977, Cambridge University Press </ref>

Thus the general consensus is that the Qur'an was could not have been revealed to just one individual, but rather was a compilation of later redactions  formulated by a group of authors, over the course of a few hundred years<ref>[[Andrew Rippin]] , "Literary Analysis of Qur'an, Tafsir, and Sira, the Methodologies of John Wansbrough", Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies, Richard C. Martin (ed.), Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 1985 pg 155 </ref>

Thus the general consensus is that the Qur'an was could not have been revealed to just one individual, but rather was a compilation of later redactions  formulated by a group of authors, over the course of a few hundred years<ref>[[Andrew Rippin]] , "Literary Analysis of Qur'an, Tafsir, and Sira, the Methodologies of John Wansbrough", Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies, Richard C. Martin (ed.), [[Tucson]], [[University of Arizona]] Press, 1985 pg 155 </ref>

<ref> Andrew Rippin  Muslims, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, vol. 1, London, Routledge, 1990 Pg 60</ref> <ref>John Wansbrough,  Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1977 pg 160-163</ref>

<ref> Andrew Rippin  Muslims, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, vol. 1, London, Routledge, 1990 Pg 60</ref> <ref>John Wansbrough,  Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1977 pg 160-163</ref>

== Evolutionary hypothesis  ==

== Evolutionary hypothesis  ==