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==Foreign Policy Problems under the Articles of Confederation==

==Foreign Policy Problems under the Articles of Confederation==

"Foreign policy" is the term for how a country (the United States) deals with other countries in the world.  At least 10% of the questions on any College Board history exam are about "foreign policy."

"Foreign policy" is the term for how a country (the United States) deals with other countries.  At least 10% of the questions on any College Board history exam are about "foreign policy."

Perhaps the biggest weakness to the Articles of Confederation concerned foreign policy.  In the 1780s, before and after the Revolution, the United States was a mere baby in the world countries.  We were far weaker in every respect than the powers in Europe.  Comparing the [[United States]] to [[England]] at that time would be like comparing a child to an adult.  Just obtaining respect was a struggle.

Perhaps the biggest weakness to the Articles of Confederation concerned foreign policy.  In the 1780s, before and after the Revolution, the United States was a mere baby in the world.  We were far weaker in every respect than European countries.  Comparing the [[United States]] to [[England]] at that time would be like comparing a child to an adult.  Just obtaining respect was a struggle.

The Articles deprived our young government from having any power or money in foreign relations.

The Articles deprived our young government from having any power in foreign policy.

Americans were very wary of centralized power after their bad experience with England, but they took this so far that the central government was essentially worthless, and each state did as it pleased.  Newly free, the states were unstable and divided.  The Confederation reflected this.  The states were eager to control their own affairs, and they resisted giving up power to a central government.  The Articles of Confederation reflected this independence.  After all, just one state could stop an amendment to the articles.   

Americans were very wary of centralized power after their bad experience with England, but they took this so far that the central government was essentially worthless, and each state did as it pleased.  Newly free, the states were unstable and divided.  The Confederation reflected this.  The states were eager to control their own affairs, and they resisted giving up power to a central government.  The Articles of Confederation reflected this independence.  After all, just one state could stop an amendment to the articles.   

The federal government did not have enough power to operate effectively in its foreign relations.  After the war, the British continued certain trade restrictions involving America, and America was powerless to do anything about it.  Americans continued to buy English imports at a furious rate, and this caused money to drain out of America.

The federal government did not have enough power to operate effectively in its foreign relations.  After the war, the British continued to impose trade restrictions on America, and America was powerless to do anything about it.  Americans continued to buy English imports at a furious rate, and this caused money to drain out of America.

In the Treaty of Paris, America had agreed to treat loyalists fairly and return their rights and belongings.  Congress asked the states to do this, but several disobeyed with no consequences.  Congress had no way to make the states obey the nation's commitment.   

In the Treaty of Paris, America had agreed to treat loyalists fairly and return their belongings.  Congress asked the states to do this, but several disobeyed with no consequences.  Congress had no way to make the states obey the nation's commitment.   

The British used this violation of the treaty to justify keeping forces stationed near the Great Lakes.  America had claimed the territory where the British forts stood, but once again had no power to drive them out.  So the British in America prospered by trading for furs with the Indians, although the territory they used belonged to the United States.

The British used this violation of the treaty to justify keeping forces stationed near the Great Lakes.  America had claimed the territory where the British forts stood, but once again had no power to drive them out.  So the British in America prospered by trading for furs with the Indians, although the territory they used belonged to the United States.

The new land that America had gained in the war was west of the Appalachian mountains.  Thus, the most efficient way to transport goods out of that land was via the Mississippi River.  But the Spanish claimed the territory west of the Mississippi and exclusive navigation of the river.  Spain knew that it was temporarily secure in this assertion, as the United States was too weak to fight for its territory.  Although John Jay attempted to negotiate, America had nothing to offer, and thus nothing changed.

The new land that America had gained in the war was west of the Appalachian mountains.  Thus, the most efficient way to transport goods out of that land was via the Mississippi River.  But the Spanish claimed the territory west of the Mississippi and exclusive navigation of the river.  Spain knew that it was temporarily secure in this assertion, as the United States was too weak to fight for its territory.  Although the United States attempted to negotiate, America had nothing to offer, and thus nothing changed.

Across the sea in the Mediterranean, American trade was interrupted by piracy off of the Barbary Coast (modern day Tunisia).  Previously, America had been protected from the pirates by England, but now America was obliged to pay its own way. But the government had no money to bribe or fight the pirates.

Across the sea in the Mediterranean, American trade was interrupted by piracy off of the Barbary Coast (modern day Tunisia).  Previously, America had been protected from the pirates by England, but now America was obliged to pay its own way. But the government had no money for bribing or fighting the pirates.

==Financial Problems under the Articles of Confederation==

==Financial Problems under the Articles of Confederation==