Changes

'''Cigarettes.'''  Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product.  Approximately one of every five [[American]] adults is a current smoker<ref>Centers for Disease Control (2005).  Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2004.  ''Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 54''', 1121-1124</ref>, and about 438,000 Americans die annually due to the effects of smoking; about 38,000 of these deaths are attributed to secondhand smoke<ref>Centers for Disease Control (2005).  Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses - United States, 1997-2001.  ''Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 54'', 300-303.</ref>.  While the prevalence of smoking has dropped dramatically in the past 50 years, the rate at which the prevalence is decreasing has slowed substantially<ref>Hughes, J. R., & Brandon, T. H. (2003).  A softer view of hardening.  ''Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5'', 961-962.</ref>  Additionally, the rate of smoking in adolescents and young adults has been increasing since the mid-1990s<ref>Wechsler, H., Rigotti, N., Gledhill-Hoyt, J., & Lee, H. (1998).  Increased levels of cigarette use among college students: A cause for national concern.  ''Journal of the American Medical Association, 280'', 1673-1678.</ref>.  There are nearly 5,000 different chemicals in cigarette smoke, including over 60 [[carcinogens]]<ref>Hecht, S. (2006).  Cigarette smoking:  Cancer risks, carcinogens, and mechanisms.  ''Archives of Surgery, 391'', 603-613</ref>.   

'''Cigarettes.'''  Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product.  Approximately one of every five [[American]] adults is a current smoker<ref>Centers for Disease Control (2005).  Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2004.  ''Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 54''', 1121-1124</ref>, and about 438,000 Americans die annually due to the effects of smoking; about 38,000 of these deaths are attributed to secondhand smoke<ref>Centers for Disease Control (2005).  Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses - United States, 1997-2001.  ''Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 54'', 300-303.</ref>.  While the prevalence of smoking has dropped dramatically in the past 50 years, the rate at which the prevalence is decreasing has slowed substantially<ref>Hughes, J. R., & Brandon, T. H. (2003).  A softer view of hardening.  ''Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5'', 961-962.</ref>  Additionally, the rate of smoking in adolescents and young adults has been increasing since the mid-1990s<ref>Wechsler, H., Rigotti, N., Gledhill-Hoyt, J., & Lee, H. (1998).  Increased levels of cigarette use among college students: A cause for national concern.  ''Journal of the American Medical Association, 280'', 1673-1678.</ref>.  There are nearly 5,000 different chemicals in cigarette smoke, including over 60 [[carcinogens]]<ref>Hecht, S. (2006).  Cigarette smoking:  Cancer risks, carcinogens, and mechanisms.  ''Archives of Surgery, 391'', 603-613</ref>.   

'''Cigars.''' Cigars are larger versions of cigarettes, the tobacco leaves are less finely cut and do not undergo as much post-harvest processing or curing. They are rarely (if ever) filtered, and most users do not inhale as deeply as for cigarettes. Cigars are somewhat more socially acceptable to many people, often being reserved for certain special occasions. They are certainly not without health hazards - and share many in common with other tobacco products - but as a consequence of the different method of use, cigar users are relatively more prone to cancers of the mouth and tongue.

'''Cigars.''' Cigars are larger versions of cigarettes, the tobacco leaves are less finely cut and do not undergo as much post-harvest processing or curing. They are rarely (if ever) filtered, and most users do not inhale as deeply as for cigarettes. Cigars are somewhat more socially acceptable to many people, often being reserved for certain special occasions. They are certainly not without health hazards - and share many in common with other tobacco products - but as a consequence of the different method of use, cigar users are relatively more prone to oral cancers.

 

'''Smokeless tobacco (chewing or dipping tobacco)''' Smokeless tobacco is a less commonly used tobacco product, however, this market segment has not suffered as much as that for cigarettes. It is a safer (though not safe) alternative to cigarettes, and tobacco-cessation groups are divided on whether it should be promoted as such (though largely against). It is typically sold in small metal or plastic cans referred to colloquially as "tins", generally containing 1.1oz (34 grams) of chewing tobacco. It usually consists of moistened fermented tobacco with additional synthetic flavorings. The smokeless tobacco market has been involved in a several consolidations recently, with large (primarily cigarette) companies buying smaller manufacturers of smokeless tobacco. It is more like the cigarette market in that there are numerous brands with high visibility, common ones include Skoal (controlling about 30% of the U.S. domestic market), Copenhagen (both owned by the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company), as well as Grizzly and Kodiak (products of the Conwood Sales Company, a subsidiary of RJ Reynolds).

'''Smokeless tobacco (chewing or dipping tobacco)''' Smokeless tobacco is a less commonly used tobacco product, however, this market segment has not suffered as much as that for cigarettes. It is a safer (though not safe) alternative to cigarettes, and tobacco-cessation groups are divided on whether it should be promoted as such (though largely against). It is typically sold in small metal or plastic cans referred to colloquially as "tins", generally containing 1.1oz (34 grams) of chewing tobacco. It usually consists of moistened fermented tobacco with additional synthetic flavorings. The smokeless tobacco market has been involved in a several consolidations recently, with large (primarily cigarette) companies buying smaller manufacturers of smokeless tobacco. It is more like the cigarette market in that there are numerous brands with high visibility, common ones include Skoal (controlling about 30% of the U.S. domestic market), Copenhagen (both owned by the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company), as well as Grizzly and Kodiak (products of the Conwood Sales Company, a subsidiary of RJ Reynolds).

== Health Effects ==

== Health Effects ==