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The '''creation-evolution controversy''' is an ongoing dispute most prevalent in regions of the [[United States]]. While the controversy has a long history,<ref>{{hnb|Numbers|1992|p=3-240}}</ref> today it primarily concerns what should be taught as [[science]] in [[public schools]], and what is good science.<ref>{{hnb|Peters & Hewlett|2005|Ref=CITEREFPetersHewlett2005|p=1}}</ref> In the United States, the teaching of [[biology|biological]] [[Theory of evolution|evolution]] in the public schools is a significant area of contention, while the teaching of alternatives such as [[creation science]] and [[Intelligent Design]] are other aspects of the dispute.

The '''creation-evolution controversy''' is an ongoing dispute most prevalent in regions of the [[United States]]. While the controversy has a long history,<ref>{{hnb|Numbers|1992|p=3-240}}</ref> today it primarily concerns what should be taught as [[science]] in [[public schools]], and what is good science.<ref>{{hnb|Peters & Hewlett|2005|Ref=CITEREFPetersHewlett2005|p=1}}</ref> In the United States, the teaching of [[biology|biological]] [[Theory of evolution|evolution]] in the public schools is a significant area of contention, while the teaching of alternatives such as [[creation science]] and [[intelligent design]] are other aspects of the dispute.

In the first case, [[evolutionists]] argue that Creation Science and Intelligent Design should not be taught in the public schools because it is fundamentally [[religion|religious]] in nature and not science. Evolutionists claim they are thinly-disguised schemes to introduce religion to the classroom. In the United States, recent court decisions have affirmed this position, consistently barring the introduction of Creation Science and Intelligent Design into public science curricula.

In the first case, [[evolutionists]] argue that Creation Science and intelligent design should not be taught in the public schools because it is fundamentally [[religion|religious]] in nature and not science. Evolutionists claim they are thinly-disguised schemes to introduce religion to the classroom. In the United States, recent court decisions have affirmed this position, consistently barring the introduction of Creation Science and intelligent design into public science curricula.

Creationists argue that evolution is anti-theist [[ideology]] dressed up as science,<ref>{{hnb|Hayward|1998|p=2}}</ref> and that religion, in the form of [[Secular Humanism]], is already in the classroom.

Creationists argue that evolution is anti-theist [[ideology]] dressed up as science,<ref>{{hnb|Hayward|1998|p=2}}</ref> and that religion, in the form of [[Secular Humanism]], is already in the classroom.

=== Smithsonian-Sternberg affair ===

=== Smithsonian-Sternberg affair ===

The [[Smithsonian-Sternberg affair]] occurred after [[Richard Sternberg]] managed the [[peer review]] process of a paper published by Intelligent Design researcher [[Stephen Meyer]]. Richard Sternberg was subjected to a hostile work environment at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in retaliation.

The [[Smithsonian-Sternberg affair]] occurred after [[Richard Sternberg]] managed the [[peer review]] process of a paper published by intelligent design researcher [[Stephen Meyer]]. Richard Sternberg was subjected to a hostile work environment at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in retaliation.

=== Court cases ===

=== Court cases ===

Major court cases in the Creation-evolution controversy are disputes about what can be taught in the schools. After about 1968, they have prohibited attempts to teach Creation Science or Intelligent Design in American public schools on the basis of the principle of [[Bill of rights|Separation of Church and State]].

Major court cases in the creation-evolution controversy are disputes about what can be taught in the schools. After about 1968, they have prohibited attempts to teach creation science or intelligent design in American public schools on the basis of the principle of [[Bill of rights|Separation of Church and State]].

* 1925 '''Scopes Trial''': A staged trial in [[Tennessee]], engineered by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] and town promoters, challenging the Butler Act which prohibited the teaching of human evolution. The willing defendant was found guilty of "teaching" evolution, though he was a gym teacher. The conviction was later overturned on a technicality.<ref>{{hnb|Larson|2006}}, {{hnb|Coulter|2006}}</ref>

* 1925 '''Scopes Trial''': A staged trial in [[Tennessee]], engineered by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] and town promoters, challenging the Butler Act which prohibited the teaching of human evolution. The willing defendant was found guilty of "teaching" evolution, though he was a gym teacher. The conviction was later overturned on a technicality.<ref>{{hnb|Larson|2006}}, {{hnb|Coulter|2006}}</ref>

* 1982 '''McLean v. Arkansas''': Ruled that the teaching of Creation-science violated the Establishment clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution

* 1982 '''McLean v. Arkansas''': Ruled that the teaching of Creation-science violated the Establishment clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution

* 1987 '''Edwards v. Aguillard''': Ruled against Creation-science in [[Louisiana]].

* 1987 '''Edwards v. Aguillard''': Ruled against Creation-science in [[Louisiana]].

* 2005 '''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District''': Ruled that [[Intelligent Design]] was religious in nature and therefore could not be taught in the public schools in Dover [[Pennsylvania]].

* 2005 '''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District''': Ruled that [[intelligent design]] was religious in nature and therefore could not be taught in the public schools in Dover [[Pennsylvania]].

== Timeline of the Creation/evolution controversy ==

== Timeline of the Creation/evolution controversy ==

* 2005 - U.S. Representative Mark Souder's office issues a report concurring with the U.S. Office of Special Council's conclusion that Richard Sternberg was subjected to a hostile work environment at the Smithsonian Institution in retaliation for his role in publishing Stephen C. Meyer's paper. See [[Smithsonian-Sternberg affair]].

* 2005 - U.S. Representative Mark Souder's office issues a report concurring with the U.S. Office of Special Council's conclusion that Richard Sternberg was subjected to a hostile work environment at the Smithsonian Institution in retaliation for his role in publishing Stephen C. Meyer's paper. See [[Smithsonian-Sternberg affair]].

* 2007 - [[Pope Benedict XVI]] publishes ''Creation and Evolution'', where he writes "[It] is also true that the theory of evolution is not a complete, scientifically proven theory."<ref>Creation and Evolution, Pope Benedict XVI, 2007, Sankt Ulrich Publishing. See also [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070411/ap_on_re_eu/pope_evolution;_ylt=A0WTUejOaB1G9GUBBgKs0NUE]</ref>

* 2007 - [[Pope Benedict XVI]] publishes ''Creation and Evolution'', where he writes "[It] is also true that the theory of evolution is not a complete, scientifically proven theory."<ref>Creation and Evolution, Pope Benedict XVI, 2007, Sankt Ulrich Publishing. See also [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070411/ap_on_re_eu/pope_evolution;_ylt=A0WTUejOaB1G9GUBBgKs0NUE]</ref>

* 2008 - [[Ben Stein]] releases the documentary ''Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed'' which exposes the suppression of [[Intelligent design]] in the classroom by evolutionist establishment.

* 2008 - [[Ben Stein]] releases the documentary ''Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed'' which exposes the suppression of [[intelligent design]] in the classroom by evolutionist establishment.

==References==

==References==