Changes

== The Conservative President:  James Monroe ==

== The Conservative President:  James Monroe ==

The most conservative president of the 19th century (1800s) was [[James Madison]], who was elected in 1816 (after James Madison finished his two terms).  Monroe was so opposed to federal power that he had even opposed the ratification of the Constitution as an "Anti-Federalist.  But that was decades earlier, and he became in many respects one of the best presidents in history.

The most conservative president of the 19th century (1801-1900) was [[James Madison]], who was elected in 1816 (after President James Madison served his two terms and then retired).  Monroe was so much against national (federal) power that he had even opposed the ratification of the Constitution as an "Anti-Federalist.  But that was decades earlier, and by 1817 he was ready to be President.  In many respects he became one of the best presidents in history.

His accomplishments were numerous and continue to shape our nation to this day, although he does not always receive the credit he observes.  Often students are asked about key achievements that happened under Monroe's leadership, but without mentioning his name.

His accomplishments were numerous and continue to shape our nation to this day, although he does not always receive the credit he deserves.  Often students are asked about key achievements that happened under Monroe's leadership, but without mentioning his name.

In 1819, the Adams-Onis Treaty completed the annexation of Florida to the United States, and also added property north of the southern border of current Oregon (which we now call the "Northwest").

In 1819, Monroe complete the Adams-Onis Treaty to obtain the annexation of Florida to the United States, and also added property north of the southern border of current Oregon (which we now call the "Northwest").

In 1820, the immensely successful "Missouri Compromise" resolved for a while bitter disputes about whether slavery would be permitted in new territories, and whether to admit new states.  The "Compromise" was between the North and the South, neither of whom wanted to give up power by adding a state friendly to the other side.  The Senate was evenly balanced at this time, and adding just one new state on one side would tip the balance in its favor.  There were 11 free states and 11 slave states (Delaware and Kentucky were slave states).   

In 1820, the successful "Missouri Compromise" resolved for several decades disputes about whether slavery would be permitted in new territories, and whether to admit new states.  This Compromise was between the North and the South, neither of whom wanted to give up power by adding a state friendly to the other side.  The Senate was evenly balanced at this time, and adding just one new state on one side would tip the balance in its favor.  At the time there were 11 free states and 11 slave states (Delaware and Kentucky were slave states).   

So the Missouri Compromise added Maine as a free state (which would side with the North), and Missouri as a slave state (which would side with the South until the Civil War).  The other new states to be added from the Louisiana Purchase (once they had enough population) would be free:  slavery was banned by this Compromise above the latitude of 36 degrees, 30 minutes.

So the Missouri Compromise added Maine as a free state (which would side with the North), and Missouri as a slave state (which would side with the South until the Civil War).  The other new states to be added from the Louisiana Purchase (once they had enough population) would be free:  slavery was banned by this Compromise above the latitude of 36 degrees, 30 minutes.

The most lasting contribution of James Monroe was his "Monroe Doctrine" in 1823, which stated that Europe should stop colonizing America because its political and economic systems are different.  In fact, Monroe stated that Europe should not interfere in the Western Hemisphere at all.  To this day presidents continue to cite the Monroe Doctrine whenever a European country tries to do something over here.

The most lasting contribution of James Monroe was his "Monroe Doctrine" in 1823, which stated that Europe should stop colonizing America because its political and economic systems are different.  In fact, Monroe stated that Europe should not interfere further in the Western Hemisphere.  To this day presidents continue to cite the Monroe Doctrine whenever a European country tries to do something over here.

America was immensely prosperous under Monroe's conservative leadership.  The "Era of Good Feelings" overtook our country.  Roads and canals were built.  The economy blossomed.  Monroe vetoed the Cumberland Road Bill (calling for more government-built roads) and the House rejected most spending bills on internal projects.

America was immensely prosperous under Monroe's conservative leadership.  The "Era of Good Feelings" overtook our country.  Roads and canals were built.  The economy blossomed.  Monroe vetoed the Cumberland Road Bill (calling for more government-built roads) and under his leadership the House rejected most spending bills on internal projects.

 

By the time Monroe retired after two successful terms, there was only one political party in the United States:  Monroe's Democratic-Republican Party.  In fact, Monroe was so successful that he had no opposition for his reelection in 1820.

== The "Corrupt Bargain" ==

== The "Corrupt Bargain" ==