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| | Calhoun was Jackson's Vice President beginning in 1829, and Jackson was furious at this defiance by a state against federal authority. At a big political dinner in 1830, Jackson stared down Calhoun with the following toast: "Our Federal Union: It must be Preserved!"<ref name="Toast">http://www.ushistory.org/us/24e.asp</ref> Calhoun then rose and offered his different view as a toast: "The Union — next to our liberty, the most dear!"<ref name="Toast"/> Jackson was irritated by this, and by 1832 Jackson would take the unusual step of dropping Calhoun from his ticket and replacing him with a new Vice President when Jackson ran for reelection. | | Calhoun was Jackson's Vice President beginning in 1829, and Jackson was furious at this defiance by a state against federal authority. At a big political dinner in 1830, Jackson stared down Calhoun with the following toast: "Our Federal Union: It must be Preserved!"<ref name="Toast">http://www.ushistory.org/us/24e.asp</ref> Calhoun then rose and offered his different view as a toast: "The Union — next to our liberty, the most dear!"<ref name="Toast"/> Jackson was irritated by this, and by 1832 Jackson would take the unusual step of dropping Calhoun from his ticket and replacing him with a new Vice President when Jackson ran for reelection. |
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| + | In 1831, gossip and social scandal hit the White House, demonstrating that "National Enquirer" or tabloid-style stories were just as big back then as today. The White House was like a social club, with members of the Presidents Cabinet of advisers and their wives being the members of this club. In what became known as the "Peggy Eaton Affair," gossip about the wife of the Secretary of War caused others in the Cabinet (and particularly the wives of Cabinet members) to turn against Peggy Eaton and her husband-Secretary of War. Jackson, who still resented gossip about his wife before he was elected president, instinctively defended Peggy Eaton. Much of the Cabinet then resigned, forcing Jackson to redo it. |
| − | Tom Thumb 1830: first efficient steam locomotive (train) in U.S., built by Peter Cooper. Lost race to horse-drawn train
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| − | Peggy Eaton Affair 1831: gossip about this wife of Sec'y of War caused Jackson to defend her, redo Cabinet, split w/ Calhoun | |
| | Antimasonic Party 1832: 1st powerful 3d party held nominating convention, opposed Masons, later absorbed into Whigs | | Antimasonic Party 1832: 1st powerful 3d party held nominating convention, opposed Masons, later absorbed into Whigs |
| − | S.C. Ordinance of Nullification 1832: stated tariff of 1828 was null and non-binding on state, SC threatened to secede if collected
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| − | Compromise Tariff 1833: federal response to SC's nullification was to appease South by gradually lowering tariff rates
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| − | Force Bill 1833: authorized Jackson to use fed troops to enforce laws like tariff in South, prevent SC from seceding
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| | Whig Party 1834: founded by Henry Clay against Jackson, elected Harrison, Taylor as Pres; later split by slavery | | Whig Party 1834: founded by Henry Clay against Jackson, elected Harrison, Taylor as Pres; later split by slavery |
| | Whig supporters Clay, Webster, Calhoun (less so); Nat'l Republicans; persons pro-nat'l bank or states rights, Anti-Masons | | Whig supporters Clay, Webster, Calhoun (less so); Nat'l Republicans; persons pro-nat'l bank or states rights, Anti-Masons |
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| − | The North-South conflict boiled over in late 1832. South Carolina legislature passed the Ordinance of Nullification prohibiting the collection of federal duties and declaring that the use of force by the federal government would be justification for S.C. to secede from the Union. Jackson issued a proclamation that “disunion by armed force is treason.” S.C. remained defiant. Jackson replaced Calhoun with Martin Van Buren as his Vice President. | + | The North-South conflict boiled over in late 1832. South Carolina legislature passed the Ordinance of Nullification prohibiting the collection of federal duties and declaring that the use of force by the federal government would be justification for S.C. to secede from the Union. Jackson issued a proclamation that "disunion by armed force is treason." S.C. remained defiant. Jackson replaced Calhoun with Martin Van Buren as his Vice President. |
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| | Jackson in early 1833 asked for the Force Bill to use federal troops to enforce the revenue laws, but also lowered the tariff. S.C. suspended its ordinance of nullification and the conflict was diffused. | | Jackson in early 1833 asked for the Force Bill to use federal troops to enforce the revenue laws, but also lowered the tariff. S.C. suspended its ordinance of nullification and the conflict was diffused. |