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'''Ireland''' (official description: '''Republic of Ireland'''[http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/plweb-cgi/fastweb?state_id=1197556861&view=ag-view&numhitsfound=2&query_rule=%28%28$query3%29%29%3Alegtitle&query3=Republic%20of%20Ireland%20Act&docid=19310&docdb=Acts&dbname=Acts&dbname=SIs&sorting=none&operator=and&TemplateName=predoc.tmpl&setCookie=1]) is a parliamentary democracy in north-western Europe consisting of 26 counties on the island of [[Ireland]].
'''Ireland''' or '''Éire''' (official description: '''Republic of Ireland'''[http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/plweb-cgi/fastweb?state_id=1197556861&view=ag-view&numhitsfound=2&query_rule=%28%28$query3%29%29%3Alegtitle&query3=Republic%20of%20Ireland%20Act&docid=19310&docdb=Acts&dbname=Acts&dbname=SIs&sorting=none&operator=and&TemplateName=predoc.tmpl&setCookie=1]) is a parliamentary democracy in north-western Europe consisting of 26 counties on the island of [[Ireland]].
==Geography==
==Geography==
In 1932, Eamon de Valera, the political leader of the forces initially opposed to the treaty, became Prime Minister, and a new Irish constitution was enacted in 1937. The last British military bases were soon withdrawn, and the ports were returned to Irish control. Ireland was neutral in World War II. The government formally declared Ireland a republic in 1948; however, it does not normally use the term "Republic of Ireland," which tacitly acknowledges the partition, but refers to the country simply as "Ireland."
In 1932, Eamon de Valera, the political leader of the forces initially opposed to the treaty, became Prime Minister, and a new Irish constitution was enacted in 1937. The last British military bases were soon withdrawn, and the ports were returned to Irish control. Ireland was neutral in World War II. The government formally declared Ireland a republic in 1948; however, it does not normally use the term "Republic of Ireland," which tacitly acknowledges the partition, but refers to the country simply as "Ireland."
==Bibliography==
* Brady, Ciaran, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Ireland: An A-Z Guide to Its People, Places, History, and Culture.'' (2000). 390 pp.
* Foster, R. F., ed. ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland.'' (1989). 382 pp.
* Ruckenstein, Lelia and O'Malley, James A. ''Everything Irish: The History, Literature, Art, Music, People, and Places of Ireland from A-Z.'' (2003). 496 pp.
* ''[[OECD]] Information Technology Outlook 2004''
* Lalor, Brian, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Ireland'' (Gill & Macmillan, 2003) (ISBN 9780717130009)
===Historical surveys and reference books===
* Bottigheimer, Karl S. ''Ireland and the Irish: A Short History.'' (1982). 301 pp.
* Canny, Nicholas. ''From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, 1534-1660'' (Dublin, 1987)
* Connolly, S. J. ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Irish History'' (1998) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=74356275 online edition]
* Cosgrove, Art. ed., ''A New History of Ireland, ii: Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534'' (1987). 982 pp.
* Donnelly, James S., ed. ''Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture.'' (2004). 1084 pp.
* Edwards, Ruth Dudley. ''An Atlas of Irish History.'' 2d ed. (1981). 286 pp.
* Ellis, Steven G. ''Ireland in the Age of the Tudors 1447-1603. English Expansion and the End of Gaelic Rule'' (1998)
* Fleming, N. C. and O'Day, Alan. ''The Longman Handbook of Modern Irish History since 1800.'' 2005. 808 pp.
* Foster, R. F. ''Modern Ireland, 1600-1972'' (1988)
* Foster, R. F., ed. ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland.'' (1989). 382 pp.
* Fry, Peter and Fry, Fiona Somerset. ''A History of Ireland.'' Routledge, 1989. 366 pp.
* Hachey, Thomas E., Joseph M. Hernon Jr., Lawrence J. McCaffrey; ''The Irish Experience: A Concise History'' M. E. Sharpe, 1996 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3955678 online edition]
* Hickey, D. J. and Doherty, J. E. ''A Dictionary of Irish History since 1800.'' Barnes & Noble, 1980. 615 pp.
* Jackson, Alvin. ''Ireland: 1798-1998'' (1999)
* Johnson, Paul. ''Ireland: Land of Troubles: A History from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.'' (1982). 224 pp. by a conservative historian
* Lee, J. J. ''Ireland 1912-1985'' (1989)
* Lecky, W. E. H. ''A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century,'' 5 vols. (1892) [http://books.google.com/books?id=JRswAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA8&dq=intitle:history+intitle:ireland+inauthor:Lecky+date:1800-1923&num=30&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1 vol 3 online]
* Moody, T. W. and Vaughan, W. E., eds. ''A New History of Ireland. Vol. 4: Eighteenth-Century Ireland, 1691-1800.'' (1986). 849 pp.
* Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; and Byrne, F. J., eds. ''A New History of Ireland. Vol. 8: A Chronology of Irish History to 1976: A Companion to Irish History, Part 1.'' (1982). 591 pp
* Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; and Byrne, F. J., eds. ''A New History of Ireland. Vol. 9: Maps, Genealogies, Lists. A Companion to Irish History, Part 2.'' (1984).
* Newman, Peter R. ''Companion to Irish History, 1603-1921: From the Submission of Tyrone to Partition.'' (1991). 256 pp basic summary
* Ranelagh, John O'Beirne. ''A Short History of Ireland.'' (1983). 272 pp.
* Ranelagh, John. ''Ireland: An Illustrated History. '' (1981). 267 pp.
* Vaughan, W. E., ed. ''A New History of Ireland. Vol. 5: Ireland under the Union, I, 1801-70.'' (1990). 839 pp.
* Vaughan, W. E., ed. ''A New History of Ireland. Vol. 6: Ireland under the Union. Part 2: 1870-1921.'' (1996). 957 pp.
===Specialized studies===
* Bartlett, Thomas and Keith Jeffrey, eds. ''A Military History of Ireland'' (1996)
* Boyce, D. George and Alan O’day. ''The Making of Modern Irish History: Revisionism and the Revisionist Controversy'' 1996 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103075467 online edition]
* Cosgrove, Art. "The Writing of Irish Medieval History", I.H.S., xxvii (1990), 97-111
* Cullen, L. M. ''The Emergence of Modern Ireland, 1600-1900'' (Dublin, 1981)
* Cunliffe, Barry et al., ed. ''The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History.'' 320 pp.
* Daly, Mary E. "The Irish Free State/ Éire/ Republic of Ireland/ Ireland: 'A Country by Any Other Name'?" ''Journal of British Studies'' 2007 46(1): 72-90. Issn: 0021-9371 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]
* de Paor, Liam. ''The Peoples of Ireland. From Pre-History to Modern Times'' (London, 1986)
* Donnelly, J. S.. Jr., and Kerby A. Miller, eds. ''Irish Popular Culture'' (Dublin, 1999)
* Foster, John Wilson and Chesney, Helena C. G., eds. ''Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History.'' (Dublin: 1998). 658 pp
* Graham, B. J. and L. J. Proudfoot, eds. ''An Historical Geography of Ireland''(1993)
* Hayes, Alan and Urquhart, Diane, eds. ''Irish Women's History.'' (Dublin, 2004). 240 pp.
* Hill, Jacqueline R. "Popery and Protestantism, Civil and Religious Liberty: The Disputed Lessons of Irish History 1690-1812", ''Past and Present,'' 118 (1988), 96-129 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0031-2746(198802)118%3C96%3APAPCAR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N fulltext in JSTOR]
* Kinealy, Christine. ''The Great Calamity: The Irish Famine, 1845-52'' (Dublin, 1994)
* Kreilkamp, Vera, ed. ''Eire/Land'' (2003), environmental history
* Luddy, Maria. ''Women in Ireland, 1800-1918: A Documentary History. '' (1995). 356 pp. primary sources
* Mokyr, Joel. ''Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800-1850.'' Allen & Unwin, 1983. 330 pp. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=86069007 online edition]
* ÓGráda, Cormac. ''Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780-1939.'' (1994). 536 pp.
* ÓGráda, Cormac. ''Black '47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory.'' (1999). 272 pp.
* Alan J. Ward, ''The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782–1992'' (Irish Academic Press, 1994) (ISBN 0-7165-2528-3)
===Ulster===
* Adamson, Ian. ''The Identity of Ulster,'' 2nd edition (Belfast, 1987)
* Jonathan Bardon, A History of Ulster (Belfast, 1992.)
* Bew, Paul, Peter Gibbon and Henry Patterson, ''Northern Ireland 1921-1994: Political Forces and Social Classes'' (1995)
* Claran Brady, Mary O'Dowd and Brian Walker, eds. ''Ulster: An Illustrated History'' (1989)
* Patrick Buckland, ''A History of Northern Ireland'' (Dublin, 1981)
* Elliott, Marianne. ''The Catholics of Ulster: A History.'' Basic Books. 2001. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=86066470# online edition]
* Farrell, Michael. ''Northern Ireland: The Orange State,'' 2nd edition (London, 1980)
* Henessy, Thomas. ''A History of Northern Ireland, 1920-1996.'' (1998). 365 pp.
===Culture===
* Brown, Terence. ''Ireland: A Social and Cultural History, 1922 to the Present.'' (1985). 310 pp.
* Cahalan, James M. ''The Irish Novel: A Critical History.'' (1988). 365 pp.
* Cleary, Joe and Connolly, Claire, eds. ''The Cambridge Guide to Modern Irish Culture.'' (2005). 363 pp.
* Deane, Seamus. ''A Short History of Irish Literature.'' U. of Notre Dame Press, 1986. 282 pp.
* Duddy, Thomas. ''A History of Irish Thought'' Routledge, 2002 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108437504 online edition]
* Flynn, Arthur. ''The Story of Irish Film.'' Blackrock, Ireland: Currach, 2006. 328 pp.
* Gonzalez, Alexander G. ''Modern Irish Writers: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook'' Greenwood Press, 1997 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14156161 online edition]
* Kiberd, Declan. ''The Irish Writer and the World.''
Cambridge U. Press, 2005. 331 pp.
* McHugh, Roger and Harmon, Maurice. ''Short History of Anglo-Irish Literature from Its Origins to the Present Day.'' Barnes & Noble, 1982. 377 pp.
* Mercier, Vivian, and Eilís Dillon. ''Modern Irish Literature: Sources and Founders'' Clarendon Press, 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=34130284 online edition]
* Morash, Christopher. ''A History of Irish Theatre, 1601-2000.'' Cambridge U. Press, 2002. 322 pp.
* Murphy, James H. ''Ireland: A Social, Cultural and Literary History, 1791-1891.'' Blackrock, Ireland: Four Courts Pr., 2003. 224 pp.
* ÓhÓgáin, Dáithí. ''The Lore of Ireland: An Encyclopedia of Myth, Legend, and Romance.'' Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell, 2006. 531 pp.
* Pierce, David. ''Light, Freedom, and Song: A Cultural History of Modern Irish Writing.'' Yale U. Press, 2006. 350 pp.
* Yeats, W. B. ''A Book of Irish Verse'' Routledge, 2002 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109474100 online edition]
==References==
==References==
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| <small>File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3180.htm]</small>}}}.
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| <small>File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3180.htm]</small>}}}.
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[[Category:European Countries]]
[[Category:European Countries]]
[[Category:Ireland]]
[[Category:Ireland]]
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]