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===Cowboy culture===

===Cowboy culture===

The cowboy's distinctive working gear, most of it borrowed from the Mexican vaquero, captured the public imagination.  His high-crowned sombrero, high-heeled boots, leather chaps, six-shooter, lariat, and spurs were functional and necessary in the field, and fascinating on the movie screen.  Increasingly the public identified the cowboy with courage and devotion to duty, for he tended cattle wherever he had to go, whether in bogs of quicksand; swift, flooding rivers; or seemingly inaccessible brush. He rode with lightning and blizzard, ate hot summer sand, and was burned by the sun.  [[Theodore Roosevelt]] conceptualized the herder as a stage of civilization distinct from the sedentary farmer--a classic theme well expressed in the 1944 film "Oklahoma!"  Roosevelt argued that the manhood typified by the cowboy--and outdoor activity and sports generally--was essential if American men were to avoid the softness and rot produced by an easy lifer in the city.  The cow towns along the trail were notorious for providing liquor to the cowboys; they usually were not allowed to drink on the trail itself. <ref> Raymond B. Wrabley,  Jr., "Drunk Driving or Dry Run? Cowboys and Alcohol on the Cattle Trail." ''Kansas History'' 2007 30(1): 36-51. Issn: 0149-9114 in [[Ebsco]] </ref>  

The cowboy's distinctive working gear, most of it borrowed from the Mexican vaquero, captured the public imagination.  His high-crowned sombrero, high-heeled boots, leather chaps, six-shooter, lariat, and spurs were functional and necessary in the field, and fascinating on the movie screen.  Increasingly the public identified the cowboy with courage and devotion to duty, for he tended cattle wherever he had to go, whether in bogs of quicksand; swift, flooding rivers; or seemingly inaccessible brush. He rode with lightning and blizzard, ate hot summer sand, and was burned by the sun.  [[Theodore Roosevelt]] conceptualized the herder as a stage of civilization distinct from the sedentary farmer--a classic theme well expressed in the 1944 film "Oklahoma!"  Roosevelt argued that the manhood typified by the cowboy--and outdoor activity and sports generally--was essential if American men were to avoid the softness and rot produced by an easy life in the city.   

 

The cow towns along the trail were notorious for providing liquor and female company to the cowboys; they usually were not allowed to drink on the trail itself. Historians have vigorously debated just how violent these towns were.<ref> Raymond B. Wrabley,  Jr., "Drunk Driving or Dry Run? Cowboys and Alcohol on the Cattle Trail." ''Kansas History'' 2007 30(1): 36-51. Issn: 0149-9114 in [[Ebsco]] </ref>  

The great cattle drive movie was "Red River" (1948) directed by Howard Hawks, starring John Wayne and Montgomery Clift, which depicted the first great drive on the Chisholm Trail.

The great cattle drive movie was "Red River" (1948) directed by Howard Hawks, starring John Wayne and Montgomery Clift, which depicted the first great drive on the Chisholm Trail.