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[[Image:Dead Sea Scrolls.jpg|thumb|Dead Sea Scrolls]]

[[Image:Dead Sea Scrolls.jpg|thumb|Dead Sea Scrolls]]

'''Dead Sea Scrolls''' are documents discovered near the [[Dead Sea]] in [[Israel]]. They were an important source of information about the [[Holy Land]] in the first century after [[Jesus Christ]]'s ministry on earth, and make up some of the oldest sections of [[The Bible]].  

The '''Dead Sea scrolls''' are documents discovered near the [[Dead Sea]] in [[Israel]]. They were an important source of information about the [[Holy Land]] in the first century after [[Jesus Christ]]'s ministry on earth, and make up some of the oldest extant manuscripts of the [[Old Testamant]].  

The first scrolls were discovered by Bedouin shepherds in 1947 who uncovered seven scrolls in a cave. In the following decade, further searches yielded many thousands of scroll fragments, and there are currently over 900 such documents, discovered in eleven different caves.<ref>http://www.sdnhm.org/scrolls/history.html</ref> A nearby habitation, known as [[Qumran]], was also excavated in this time in an effort to identify the people who left the scrolls in the caves.

The first scrolls were discovered in 1947 by a [[Bedouin]] shepherd who uncovered seven scrolls in a [[cave]]. In the following decade, further searches yielded many thousands of scroll fragments, and there are currently over 900 such documents, discovered in eleven different caves.<ref>http://www.sdnhm.org/scrolls/history.html</ref> A nearby habitation, known as [[Qumran]], was also excavated in this time in an effort to identify the people who left the scrolls in the caves.

''Scholars have pointed to similarities between beliefs and practices outlined in the Qumran literature and those of early Christians.'' <ref> [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/juda.html JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY AND THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS] Library of Congress Exhibitions.  </ref> The Biblical Scrolls' contents focus the books from the [[Old Testament]]. The Scrolls are written in [[Hebrew]] and in [[Aramaic|Aramaica]] with a few texts in Greek. The use of Hebrew was a surprise to many scholars who felt that Hebrew had become a dead language by that time, and this discovery gave new evidence to a claim that the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] were originally written in Hebrew and then quickly translated into Greek.<ref>http://www.ad2000.com.au/articles/2001/may2001p20_453.html</ref>

''Scholars have pointed to similarities between beliefs and practices outlined in the Qumran literature and those of early Christians.'' <ref> [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/juda.html JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY AND THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS] Library of Congress Exhibitions.  </ref> The Biblical Scrolls' contents focus the books from the [[Old Testament]]. The Scrolls are written in [[Hebrew]] and in [[Aramaic|Aramaica]] with a few texts in Greek. The use of Hebrew was a surprise to many scholars who felt that Hebrew had become a dead language by that time, and this discovery gave new evidence to a claim that the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] were originally written in Hebrew and then quickly translated into Greek.<ref>http://www.ad2000.com.au/articles/2001/may2001p20_453.html</ref>

According to the [[Library of Congress]]:

According to the [[Library of Congress]]:

{{QuoteBox|Within a fairly short time after their discovery, historical, paleographic, and linguistic evidence, as well as carbon-14 dating, established that the scrolls and the Qumran ruin dated from the 250 B.C. to 68 A.D. From the standpoint of biblical archeology, this was unparalleled. Coming from the late Second Temple Period, a time when [[Jesus]] of Nazareth lived, they are older than any other surviving manuscripts of the Hebrew Scriptures by almost one thousand years. <ref>[http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/intr.html THE WORLD OF THE SCROLLS] Library of Congress Exhibitions.</ref>}}

''Within a fairly short time after their discovery, historical, paleographic, and linguistic evidence, as well as carbon-14 dating, established that the scrolls and the Qumran ruin dated from the 250 B.C. to 68 A.D. From the standpoint of biblical archeology, this was unparalleled. Coming from the late Second Temple Period, a time when [[Jesus]] of Nazareth lived, they are older than any other surviving manuscripts of the Hebrew Scriptures by almost one thousand years.'' <ref> [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/intr.html THE WORLD OF THE SCROLLS] Library of Congress Exhibitions.   </ref>

Many of the scrolls are now conserved in [[Jerusalem]], although some are in the hands of the [[Jordanian]] government.  Among those looked after by the Jordanian government is the famous [[Copper scroll]]<ref>Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit, San Diego, Sept 30 2007</ref>.

Many of the scrolls are now conserved in [[Jerusalem]], although some are in the hands of the [[Jordanian]] government.  Among those looked after by the Jordanian government is the famous [[Copper scroll]]<ref>Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit, San Diego, Sept 30 2007</ref>.

Much of the writing was on [[parchment]] made from the Ibex, a goat native to that area.

Much of the writing was on [[parchment]] made from the Ibex, a goat native to that area.

Other scrolls were on [[papyrus]] and one scroll was on [[copper]] (the Copper Scroll).<ref>exhibit</ref>

Other scrolls were on [[papyrus]] and one scroll was on [[copper]] (the Copper Scroll).<ref>exhibit</ref>

 

==See also==

==See also==

*[[Codex Sinaiticus]]

*[[Codex Sinaiticus]]