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| | President Lincoln fired General McClellan in November 1862. | | President Lincoln fired General McClellan in November 1862. |
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| − | == Trent Affair == | + | == The Trent Affair == |
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| − | A fascinating international incident occurred on the Atlantic Ocean that forced Great Britain to address the Civil War. On November 8, 1861, Charles Wilkes, a U.S. Navy Officer (on the side of the North), captured two Confederate envoys aboard the "Trent", which was a British mail ship. Great Britain was angry at the North for violating British neutrality, and an international crisis resulted. The envoys were sent by Confederate President Jefferson Davis to obtain recognition by Britain and France of the independent sovereignty of the Confederacy. Up until this point Great Britain and France had maintained their diplomatic relations with the North (the United States) and viewed the Confederacy as in rebellion, not an independent nation. Davis hoped that early victories by the South against the North (the Union) would cause Britain and France to receive the envoys, and recognize the Confederacy. | + | A fascinating international incident occurred on the Atlantic Ocean that nearly brought Great Britain into the Civil War. Two Confederate envoys had departed from Charleston, South Carolina to Cuba, and then to England on a mail ship called the "Trent", in order to sneak through the Union navy blockade and reach Britain. The envoys had been sent by Confederate President Jefferson Davis to obtain recognition by Britain and France of the independent sovereignty of the Confederacy. Up until this point Great Britain and France had maintained their diplomatic relations with the North (the United States) and viewed the Confederacy as in rebellion, not an independent nation. Davis hoped that early victories by the South against the North (the Union) would cause Britain and France to receive these envoys and recognize the Confederacy. |
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| − | But there was a U.S. naval blockade preventing such efforts. The Confederate envoys went from Charleston, South Carolina to Cuba, and then to England on the Trent, in order to sneak through the blockage. But the U.S. Navy intercepted the Trent on Nov. 8, 1861 and the Captain ordered a search of the British ship, despite lacking permission from Washington for such a bold move. The search found the Confederate envoys, and took them prisoner along with their aides, and then released the ship so it could continue on to England. | + | But on November 8, 1861, Charles Wilkes, a U.S. Navy Officer (on the side of the North), intercepted the Trent and ordered a search of this British ship, despite lacking permission from Washington or Britain for such a bold move. This search discovered the Confederate envoys, and the U.S. Navy took them prisoner along with their aides, and then released the ship so it could continue on to England. |
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| − | The British were angry at this invasion of their own sovereignty, and demanded both an apology and a release of the envoys. Britain even ordered troops to Canada (which was still a colony of Britain) and sent additional ships to the Western Atlantic. Britain at this time was still far more powerful than the United States. | + | The British were furious at the Union for this invasion of their own sovereignty on the ship, and demanded both an apology and a release of the envoys. Britain even ordered troops to Canada (which was still a colony of Britain) and sent additional ships to the Western Atlantic. Britain at this time was still far more powerful than the United States. |
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| − | But Britain's demands took nearly a month to reach Washington, D.C., due to a malfunction in the transatlantic cable. Ultimately, President Lincoln did authorize an apology, and thereafter both the Union and the Confederacy attempted to persuade Britain to side with it. Instead, Britain continued to remain neutral.<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cw/92452.htm</ref> | + | But Britain's demands took nearly a month to reach Washington, D.C., due to a malfunction in the transatlantic cable for communications. Ultimately, President Lincoln did authorize an apology, and thereafter both the Union and the Confederacy attempted to persuade Britain to side with it. Instead, Britain continued to remain neutral.<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cw/92452.htm</ref> |
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| | == Civil War - 1863-1865 == | | == Civil War - 1863-1865 == |