Changes

Women's Christian Temperance Union "1874: founded by women to combat problems alcohol caused their families, society; sought prohibition"

Women's Christian Temperance Union "1874: founded by women to combat problems alcohol caused their families, society; sought prohibition"

== Yankee Ingenuity ==

== Yankee Ingenuity ==

In two words, "Yankee ingenuity."  Virtually all great inventions since about 1750 came from America, and these creations of man have brought the world a wealth beyond all imagination.  America creates, and the rest of the world copies.  And neither the rest of the world or even American history books give full create to Yankee ingenuity.

In two words, "Yankee ingenuity."  Virtually all great inventions since about 1750 came from America, and these creations of man have brought the world a wealth beyond all imagination.  America creates, and the rest of the world copies.  And neither the rest of the world or even American history books give full create to Yankee ingenuity.

== Before 1880 ==

== Before 1880 ==

Chief Joseph/Nez Perce "1877: Oregon and Idaho, Indians outwit feds but then relocate to Oklahoma, which has large Indian populat."

Chief Joseph/Nez Perce "1877: Oregon and Idaho, Indians outwit feds but then relocate to Oklahoma, which has large Indian populat."

Munn v. Illinois "1877: upholds state regulation of public facility (grain warehouse), energized populist movement"

Munn v. Illinois "1877: upholds state regulation of public facility (grain warehouse), energized populist movement"

Bland-Allison Act "1878: feds to buy $2M-$4M of silver/mth, to increase inflation & silver prices"

Bland-Allison Act "1878: feds to buy $2M-$4M of silver/mth, to increase inflation & silver prices"

Congressman James Garfield was nominated by the Republican Party for president in 1880 as a compromise between the stalwarts and the moderates.  Garfield picked a Stalwart, Chester Arthur, as his Vice President.  Then a deranged Stalwart assassinated Garfield soon after he was elected, so that fellow Stalwart Chester Arthur could become president. This discredited the movement and Arthur promoted a civil service system whereby the victors cannot fire and replace government workers with his supporters.

Congressman James Garfield was nominated by the Republican Party for president in 1880 as a compromise between the stalwarts and the moderates.  Garfield picked a Stalwart, Chester Arthur, as his Vice President.  Then a deranged Stalwart assassinated Garfield soon after he was elected, so that fellow Stalwart Chester Arthur could become president. This discredited the movement and Arthur promoted a civil service system whereby the victors cannot fire and replace government workers with his supporters.

John D. Rockefeller monopolized the oil industry at this time, becoming perhaps the wealthiest person ever.  After he formed the Standard Oil Trust of Ohio in 1881 to run his empire, it became a goal of government to break his empire up.  Meanwhile, other industries began to follow his example, as large industrial companies began to form to control sugar, lead, beef and even whiskey.  Rockefeller, in turn, allegedly bribed public officials to advance his business goals.  Congress ultimately passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to prohibit “restraint of trade” or interference with competition, in 1890, named after Senator John Sherman of Ohio (General William Sherman’s brother).  Rockefeller’s oil company was ultimately broken up by the courts.  The Sherman Antitrust Act is a big area of the law today.

John D. Rockefeller monopolized the oil industry at this time, becoming perhaps the wealthiest person ever.  After he formed the Standard Oil Trust of Ohio in 1881 to run his empire, it became a goal of government to break his empire up.  Meanwhile, other industries began to follow his example, as large industrial companies began to form to control sugar, lead, beef and even whiskey.  Rockefeller, in turn, allegedly bribed public officials to advance his business goals.  Congress ultimately passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to prohibit “restraint of trade” or interference with competition, in 1890, named after Senator John Sherman of Ohio (General William Sherman’s brother).  Rockefeller’s oil company was ultimately broken up by the courts.  The Sherman Antitrust Act is a big area of the law today.

Monopolies are a topic that divides free enterprise thinkers.  Some advocate that the free market will deal with monopolies adequately.  Others say that monopolies are an opponent to the free market and should be broken up.

Monopolies are a topic that divides free enterprise thinkers.  Some advocate that the free market will deal with monopolies adequately.  Others say that monopolies are an opponent to the free market and should be broken up.

In sum: economic issues dominate the period after Reconstruction (1877) through 1900.  It’s a period of great economic growth in our Nation, when our “gross domestic product” increased greatly.  “Gross domestic product” is the total output (in dollars) of all the good and services produced by labor and property located our country.  It is basically how much our entire country is producing, valued in dollars.  When we are prosperous it increases, and when we are in a depression it goes down or does not increase as much.

In sum: economic issues dominate the period after Reconstruction (1877) through 1900.  It’s a period of great economic growth in our Nation, when our “gross domestic product” increased greatly.  “Gross domestic product” is the total output (in dollars) of all the good and services produced by labor and property located our country.  It is basically how much our entire country is producing, valued in dollars.  When we are prosperous it increases, and when we are in a depression it goes down or does not increase as much.

Slavery was no longer an issue from the end of Reconstruction through 1900.  With the exception of one politician (Democrat Grover Cleveland, who looked like a Republican because he was from New York, favored the gold standard and opposed unions by sending in troops to put down the Pullman Strike in Chicago in 1894), Republicans controlled the White House.  During the Gilded Age, there were business scandals and there were political scandals.  But there was also tremendous prosperity.

Slavery was no longer an issue from the end of Reconstruction through 1900.  With the exception of one politician (Democrat Grover Cleveland, who looked like a Republican because he was from New York, favored the gold standard and opposed unions by sending in troops to put down the Pullman Strike in Chicago in 1894), Republicans controlled the White House.  During the Gilded Age, there were business scandals and there were political scandals.  But there was also tremendous prosperity.

== Unions ==

== Unions ==