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Eight anarchists were tried for conspiracy to commit murder; seven were convicted, and four were hanged in November 1887.  This was a huge embarrassment for the union movement, which did include many socialists and anarchists.  It caused a delay in acceptance of the eight hour workday, and the movement of workers from the Knights of Labor to the more moderate American Federation of Labor.<ref>http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h750.html</ref>

Eight anarchists were tried for conspiracy to commit murder; seven were convicted, and four were hanged in November 1887.  This was a huge embarrassment for the union movement, which did include many socialists and anarchists.  It caused a delay in acceptance of the eight hour workday, and the movement of workers from the Knights of Labor to the more moderate American Federation of Labor.<ref>http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h750.html</ref>

Eugene V. Debs "headed Am. Railway Union, jailed for leading strike against Pullman railroad cars in 1894 over wages"

Another violent conflict involving striking workers occurred near Pittsburgh in 1892. Called the Homestead Strike, guards hired by wealthy businessman Andrew Carnegie suppressed a strike by workers and ten were killed in the conflict.

In re Debs "1895: Sup. Ct. upheld judicial power to prohibit strikes  

The biggest leader of the labor movement was Eugene V. Debs, who headed the American Railway Union (railroad workers).  Debs was jailed for leading strike against Pullman railroad cars in 1894 over wages.  In 1895, in a case entitled "In re Debs," the U.S. Supreme Court upheld judicial power to prohibit strikes  

against railroads, jail those who disobey (like Debs)"

against railroads, and upheld the power of courts to jail those who disobey court orders and engage in strikes anyway (like Debs).

 

== Indians and the Frontier ==

== Indians and the Frontier ==