Changes

The '''{{Bible translation infobox | image = [[Image:NewWorldTranslation blk-hdcovr.png|150px|New World Translation]] | translation_title=New World Translation| full_name=New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures| abbreviation=NWT| complete_bible_published=1961| NT_published=1950| textual_basis= ''' is published by NT:''' Westcott & Hort. '''OT:''' [[Biblia Hebraica]].| translation_type=[[Formal Equivalence]] with occasional ventures into [[Dynamic equivalence]]<ref>Jason David Beduhn, ''Truth in Translation - Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the Watch Tower New Testament''...Also see ''All Scripture Is Inspired by God and Beneficial'' published in 1990 pg. 326 pars. 32-33 Study Number 7—The Bible in Modern Times: New World Translation A Literal Translation....This requires an almost word-for-word correspondency between the rendering in English and Tract Society the Hebrew and Greek texts...the degree of Pennsylvanialiteralness should be as high as the original-language idiom permits... There have been occasional departures from the literal text, a legal corporation used for the purpose of conveying in understandable terms the difficult Hebrew or Greek idioms. However, in the reference edition of the New World Translation, these have been called to the reader’s attention by [[Jehovahmeans of footnotes that give the literal rendering.</ref>| copyright=Copyright 1961 Watchtower Society| genesis_1:1-3=In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth proved to be formless and waste and there was darkness upon the surface of the watery deep; and God's Witnesses]] active force was moving to print Bibles and Bible related publicationsfro over the surface of the waters. And God proceeded to say: "Let light come to be." Then there came to be light.| john_3:16=For God loved the world so much that he gave his only-begotten Son, in order that everyone exercising faith in him might not be destroyed but have everlasting life.|}}{{BibleHistory}}

Released in a series of installments as translation work was completed, the first volume to be released was the The '''New World Translation of the Christian Greek Holy Scriptures'' on August 2' (''NWT'') is a modern-language translation of the [[Bible]] published by [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]<ref>Using the not-for-profit corporations [[Legal instruments of Jehovah's Witnesses|Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, 1950Inc.]] and the International Bible Students Association of [[Brooklyn, New York]]</ref>, published in 1961. It was is not until 1963 that the entire first Bible, both to be published by the group, but is their first original translation of ancient [[Biblical Hebrew-Aramaic (|Hebrew]], [[Old TestamentAncient Greek|Greek]]) , and the Christian Greek Scriptures ([[New TestamentAramaic language|Aramaic]]) were released Biblical texts. As of 2008, this Bible translation was available in a single volumewhole or part in 72 languages with 143 million copies in several editions having been printed.<ref>[[Awake!]], November, 2007 p. 30</ref>It is also available in electronic format on the [http://www.watchtower.org/bible/index.htm Watchtower Society official web site]

Previous to beginning == History ==Until the translation work release of the ''New World Translation''NWT, Jehovah's Witnesses quoted from either in English-speaking countries generally used the ''[[King_James_BibleKing James Version]]'' or the ''[[American Standard Version#Usage of the ASV By the Jehovah's Witnesses|American Standard Version]]'' in their publicationsof the Bible. Although In the ''New World Translation'' has become the primary translation in literature they have produced, Jehovah's Witness publications they continue to make use of Witnesses have quoted liberally from the King James Version and many other translations in their publicationsof the Bible over the years.

In the foreward According to 1963 releasethe publishers, one of the anonymous translation committee stated that their method of main reasons for producing a new translation was with that the goal majority of being as literal as possible to the point of understandablenessexisting Bible versions in common use employed archaic language. The [[English language is intended to be modern]] has changed significantly since 1611, when compared to the archaic English of the ''Authorised (King James'') Version was first published, and many words in the KJV are no longer in common use today, or are used in a sense different from that in which the translators intended them.<ref>http://www.pronetisp.net/~diana/wcm.html list of KJV words and their modern meanings or counterparts.</ref> The stated intention was to produce a fresh translation, free of archaisms.

The completed 1963 edition ran 3Additionally,646 pages and included thousands over the centuries since the King James version was produced, more copies of earlier manuscripts of footnotes, cross-references, an appendix that outlined the translators rationale behind specific decisions made original texts in the translation process, Hebrew and an index of Bible wordsGreek languages have become available. Today In the publishers''New World Translation'' is offered view, better manuscript evidence has made it possible to determine with greater accuracy what the original writers intended, particularly in soft cover editionsmore obscure passages. Additionally, including a pocket sized version, or a hard-cover reference version they feel that contains over 125,000 marginal referencescertain aspects of the original Hebrew and Greek languages are better understood by linguists today than previously.

According to ''The In October 1946, the president of the Watch Tower Society, [[WatchtowerNathan H. Knorr]]'' , proposed a fresh translation of August 15the Christian Greek Scriptures. Work began on December 2, 20061947 when the "New World Bible Translation Committee" was formed. On September 3, this translation is now available in whole or in part1949, in 57 languages including:Knorr convened a joint meeting of the board of directors of both the Watch Tower Society's New York and Pennsylvania corporations to announce that work on a modern-language English translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures was completed and had been turned over to the Society for printing. It was assigned to the [[Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania]] for publication.

{| class="wikitable"| Afrikaans| Albanian| Cebuano| Chinese| Croatian| Czech| Danish| English| Finnish| French|-| Georgian| German| The ''New World Translation of the Christian Greek| Hungarian| Scriptures'' ([[IgboNew Testament]]| Iloko| Indonesian| Italian| Japanese| Korean) was released at a convention of Jehovah's Witnesses at [[Yankee Stadium]], [[New York City|New York]], on August 2, 1950. The translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) was released in five volumes in 1953, 1955, 1957, 1958, and 1960, and the complete ''New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures'' was released as a single volume in 1961. Since then, it has undergone minor revisions, most recently in 1984. The 1984 edition is in much the same style as previous editions, the primary difference being the revised [[Cross-| Lingala| Macedonian| Norwegian| Polish| Rommanian| Russian| Serbian| Sesotho| Shona| Slovakreference|marginal (cross) references]]. These had been included in the six volumes released between 1950 -| Spanish| Swahili| Swedish| Tagalog| Tsonga| Tswana| Xhosa| Yoruba| Zulu|}1960 but had not been included in the single volume editions from 1961 onward.<ref>Foreword, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, 1984.</ref> The basic layout style much resembles the American Standard Version 1901 edition.

An on-line English version (absent marginal references====Translators and Editor====The New World Translation was produced by the New World Bible Translation Committee. This committee was originally formed sometime in or around 1947 and, appendicesaccording to Nathan Knorr, etc) its members had multinational background.<ref>New York Times August 3, 1950 p. 19</ref> The New World Bible Translation Committee requested that the publisher, the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, not publish names of its members.<ref>[[The Watchtower]], September 15, 1950, p. 320</ref><ref>Walsh vs Honorable James Latham, Court of Session Scotland, 1954, cross examination of Frederick Franz pp. 90-92 "Q. Well then, which body decides? A. [by Frederick Franz] It is available at the Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania [http:/Corporation] that decides in these matters." (p. 90) "Q. Were you yourself responsible for the translation of the Old Testament? A. [by Frederick Franz] Again I cannot answer that question, in harmony with the gentlemen's agreement made by the Board of Directors and the Translation Committee." (p. 92)</wwwref> Former high ranking Watchtower staffers have proposed their identities<ref>Martin W, Kingdom of the Cults, Expanded Anniversary Edition, October 1997, Bethany House Publishers, p.watchtower123. "''While the members of the [NWT] committee have never been identified officially by the Watchtower, many Witnesses who worked at the headquarters during the translation period were fully aware of who the members were. They included Nathan H. Knorr (president of the Society at the time), Frederick W. Franz (who later succeeded Knorr as president), Albert D. Schroeder, George Gangas, and Milton Henschel (currently the president)''.org"</e/bible/indexref><ref>Wills T, M.htm A., A People For His Name - A History of Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web Siteand An Evaluation, Lulu, 2006. Originally published in 1967 by Vantage Press. "''[Frederick]Franz is a language scholar of no mean ability-he supervised the translation of the Bible from the original languages into the New World Translation, completed in 1961''." (p. 253) Of author Tony Wills, the Preface reads "''The Author has been intimately associated with Jehovah's Witnesses for many years, close enough to be able to think as one, but never, at the same time, losing his objectivity''." </ref>, though the Watchtower organization has never confirmed or denied the details.

In addition to ==Features of the translation==Various editions of the aforementioned appendices and marginal references, ''The New World Translation'' features consistency in translation choices through-out the texthave been published. An example is The 1984 reference edition has more than 125,000 marginal references (cross references), running headings at the Hebrew word ''sheol'' top of most pages to assist in locating texts, footnotes about translation decisions (which was translated mention some 90 different manuscripts and other sources that are listed in a table of abbreviations at the ''King James Version'' 31 times as "hellstart)," 31 times as "gravea concordance," and 3 times as an index of footnote words and "pitfurther word studies"(giving pointers about a certain topic). The ''New world Translation'' uniformly leaves Some of the word untranslatedfootnotes also add transliterations from the original languages. The pronoun "you" is printed in small capitals to indicate plurality, as are some verbs when plurality is not obvious. Square brackets [ ] are added around words that were inserted editorially (double brackets indicate dubious material).

Changes The standard (not reference) edition is printed in language from smaller type on thinner paper, lacks the 17th century English used by the ''King James Version'' footnotes, and adds a "Bible Topics for Discussion" section that outlines where to find scriptures about various doctrinal points. An even smaller "pocket edition" also lacks the modern language of the ''The New World Translation'' can be seen in the following examples:cross-references.

Because of the choices available to The translatorsuse the terms "Hebrew-Aramaic Scriptures" and "Christian Greek Scriptures" rather than "Old Testament" and "New Testament", no two translations of saying the same text will necessarily read alikeuse of "testament" was based on a misunderstanding of 2 Corinthians 3:14. The following items are considered to be the more controversial translation decisions made <ref>Appendix 7E in ''The the New World Translation''reference edition</ref> When referring to dates in the supplemental material, the abbreviations B.C.E. (before the common era) and C.E. (common era) are used rather than BC and AD.

:'''The Divine Name Verbs indicating continuous or progressive action are consistently rendered as such in the Christian Greek Scriptures''' Given their firm belief in the use of the Divine Name [[Jehovah]]English, the translators sought for example "proceeded to restore it whenever doing so was based on available manuscripts and/rest" rather than "rested" in Genesis 2:2, or fragments. As a result the Christian Greek Scriptures portion of the ''The New World Translation'' features Jehovah 237 times"keep on asking" rather than "ask" at Matthew 7:7.

:==Critical Review==The New World Translation has received both commendation and criticism. In supporting their use its review of the Jehovahbible translations released from 1955 to 1985, ''Harper's Bible Dictionary'' listed the translators note in Appendix 1D of the Reference edition, that early Christian writers such New World Translation as Matthew and Peter would have relied on either Hebrew copies one of Scriptures then available or the Greek Septuagintmajor modern translations. These sources would have naturally included the Tetragrammaton (הוהי )<ref>Robert G. Bratcher, although the custom of the day was to use the word Adonai"The English Bible," ''Harper's Bible Dictionary,'' Harper & Row, 1985, p.266</ref>

:They then quote George Howard (University ===Translation Committee qualifications===Critics have speculated that the translators of Georgia) who wrote the NWT insisted to remain anonymous because they were not formally qualified for making a Bible translation. Among the names rumoured as possible translators, none of them has adequate academic training in ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' (Vollanguages. 96<ref>For instance, 1977, pthe formal training of Frederic Franz was concentrated on Latin and classical Greek. 63: “Recent discoveries in Egypt and the Judean Desert allow us According to see first hand the use 1911-1913 University of God’s name Cincinnati transcript for Frederick W. Franz, he did in preclass 15 hours of Latin, 21 hours of classical Greek, and a single 2-Christian times. These discoveries are significant for N[ew] T[estament] studies hour credit class in that they form a literary analogy with the earliest Christian documents course titled “The New Testament—A course in grammar and may explain how NT authors used the divine nametranslation. In ” However, according to A. H. Macmillan, one of the following pages we will set forth a theory that directors of Watchtower organization when the divine nameNWT was published, הוהי (and possibly abbreviations Frederic Franz, in addition to his native tongue of it)English, was originally written fluent in the NT quotations Spanish, Portuguese and German, conversant in French, and a scholar of Hebrew, Greek, Syrian and allusions to Latin (MacMillan AH, Faith on the O[ld] T[estament] March, Prentice Hall, 1957, p. 181-182).</ref> Responding, the Watchtower Society claims that "the particulars of their university or other educational training are not the important thing” and that in the course translation testifies to their qualification.<ref>The Watchtower, December 15, 1974, p. 768</ref> Academic reviewers of time it was replaced mainly with the surrogate [abbreviation New World Translation have made statements in favour of the translators. Dr. Bruce Metzger stated for Ky′ri·osthe NWT of the Greek Scriptures: "On the whole, “Lord”]one gains a tolerably good impression of the scholarly equipment of the translators. This removal ”<ref name=Metzger>Metzger, Bruce M, The New World Translation of the Tetragram[maton]Christian Greek Scriptures, in our view''The Bible Translator'' 15/3 (July 1964), pp. 150-153.</ref> Similarly, though critical, Samuel Haas, created a confusion in his review of the minds first volume of early Gentile Christians about the relationship between NWT of the ‘Lord God’ Hebrew Scriptures, stated that “this work indicates a great deal of effort and thought as well as considerable scholarship.”<ref>''Journal of Biblical Literature,'' Vol. 74, No. 4, (Dec. 1955), p. 283.</ref>. On the ‘Lord Christ’ which NWT New Testament, commentator Alexander Thomson writes, “The translation is reflected in evidently the MS tradition work of skilled and clever scholars, who have sought to bring out as much of the NT true sense of the Greek text itselfas the English language is capable of expressing,”<ref>Thomson, A., The Differentiator, April 1952, pages 52-57</ref> and the Greek scholar Dr. [[Edgar J. Goodspeed]] wrote in a letter to the Watchtower Society, “I am [...] much pleased with the free, frank, and vigorous translation. It exhibits a vast array of sound serious learning, as I can testify.”<ref>“Loyally advocating the Word of God,” ''The Watchtower'' (15 March, 1982), p. 23.</ref>

===Linguistic and theological review===[[Charles Francis Potter]] has stated about NWT:'''John 1:1 - "and the Word was Apart from a godfew semantic peculiarities like translating the Greek word stauros, as "''' A proof-text used in support stake" instead of "cross," and the [[Trinity]] doctrineoften startling use of the colloquial and the vernacular, the anonymous translators have certainly rendered the best manuscript texts, both Greek and Hebrew, with scholarly ability and acumen."<ref>''The New World Translationfaiths men live by,'' translates the Greek text in a manner that does not state Jesus Christ (The Word) is GodKessinger Publishing, 1954, 239. ISBN 1425486525.</ref>

:In Regarding the original GreekNWT’s use of English, John 1:1 uses the word ''the-os´'' in two placesDr. Once preceded by the definite article ''ho'' Harold H. Rowley is critical of what he calls “wooden literalism” and once without the definite article“harsh construction. Where ” He characterizes these as “an insult to the definite article indicates a specific individual "the God", the lack Word of God” and offers a definite article indicates a quality possessed few sample renderings from Genesis. Specifically he cites Genesis 15:5, 4:13, 6:3, 18:20, 4:8, 19:22, 24:32 and 24:66. Rowley concludes these criticisms by the one being described; in writing, “From beginning to end this case volume is a shining example of how the WordBible should not be translated. In Greek grammar”<ref>Rowley, the lack of a definite article results in the predicate being considered "anarthrous" [http://wwwH.forananswerH.org, How Not To Translate the Bible, The Expository Times, 1953; 65; 41</Glossary.htm] (without a definite article).ref>

:Philip B. Harner Commentator Alexander Thomson wrote in , “We heartily recommend the ''Journal New World Translation of Biblical Literature'' the Christian Greek Scriptures, published in 1973 "with an anarthrous predicate preceding 1950 by the verb Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.”<ref>Thomson A, The Differentiator, 1952, 55 No.. they indicate that the ''logos'' has the nature of ''theos''."2, 6</ref>

::''Other translations Various critics have accused the translators of rendering the NWT to conform "to their own preconceived and unbiblical theology."<ref>See Ankerberg, John 1and John Weldon, 2003, ''The New World Translation of the Jehovah's Witnesses'', accessible [http:1 //www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/ATRI-Bible-School/Fall-Bible-School/fall-bible-school-jw-new-world-translation.htm online], which quotes a number of scholars regarding alleged theological bias of the New World Translation.</ref> To support a view of theology overriding appropriate translation, Drs. [[John Ankerberg]] and John Weldon cite several examples, such as the NWT's use of "for all time" in Hebrews 9:27: “And as it is reserved for men to die once for all time, but after this a similar fashionjudgment.” Ankerberg and Weldon cite Dr. Julius Mantey on this text as saying, “Heb. 9:27, which without any grounds for it in the Greek, is mistranslated in the J. W. Translation… the phrase “for all time” was inserted in the former versions without any basis in the original for it.”<ref>See Ankerberg, John and John Weldon, 2003, ''The New World Translation of the Jehovah's Witnesses'', accessible from [http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/ATRI-Bible-School/Fall-Bible-School/fall-bible-school-jw-new-world-translation.htm this site], which quotes a number of scholars regarding alleged theological bias of the New World Translation.</ref>

::''The Emphatic Diaglott - English/Greek Interlinear''::In [[William Barclay (theologian)|Dr. William Barclay]] concluded that "the deliberate distortion of truth by this sect is seen in the New Testament translation….It is abundantly clear that a beginning was sect which can translate the WordNew Testament like that is intellectually dishonest."<ref>Rhodes R, and The Challenge of the Word was with the GodCults and New Religions, The Essential Guide to Their History, Their Doctrine, and a god was the WordOur Response, Zondervan, 2001, p.94</ref>

In his review of 9 bible translations, Dr. Jason BeDuhn states that the NWT is a ‘remarkably good translation’.<ref>BeDuhn, Jason D. ''Truth in Translation::Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament''The Complete Bible, An American 2004: 165</ref> He also states, “While it is difficult to quantify this sort of analysis, it can be said the NW emerges as the most accurate of the translations ... judging by the passages we have looked at.” <ref>BeDuhn, Jason D. ''Truth in Translation: Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament'' Edgar J, 2004. Goodspeed Beduhn compared the ''King James'', the ''(1939New)::In Revised Standard'', the beginning ''New International'', the Word existed. The Word was with God''New American Bible'', the ''New American Standard Bible'', the ''Amplified Bible'', the ''Living Bible'', ''Today's English'' and the Word was divine''NWT'' versions in Mattthew 28:9, Phillipians 2:6, Colossians 1:15-20, Titus 2:13, Hebrews 1:8, John 8:58, John 1:1.</ref>

[[Bruce Metzger]] cites NWT renderings as instances of translating to support doctrine. He references the NWT’s comma placement at Luke 23:43 as “In the interest of supporting the doctrine of "soul sleep" held by Jehovah’s Witnesses.”<ref>Metzger, Bruce M, Persistent Problems Confronting Bible Translators, Bibliotheca Sacra / July-September 1993:279</ref> Another example Metzger offers is the insertion of the word “other” four times in Colossians chapter 1 “thus making Paul say that Jesus Christ is one among ‘other’ created things.” Of this insertion, Metzger states it is “In the interest of providing support of [Jehovah’s Witnesses’] Unitarianism” and that the insertion is “totally without warrant from the Greek”.<ref>Metzger, Bruce M, The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, The Bible Translator 15/3 (July 1964), pp. 150-153.</ref> Dr. Jason BeDuhn disagrees on this point by stating “‘Other’ is implied by ‘all,’ and the NW simply makes what is implicit explicit.”<ref>BeDuhn, Jason D. ''Das Evangelium nach JohannesTruth in Translation: Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament'' Siegfried Schulz (translated from German):, 2004:"and a god (or85</ref> Dr. Bruce Metzger characterizes the NWT’s use of “Jehovah” in the New Testament as an “introduction.” He writes, “The introduction of the word ‘[[Jehovah]]’ into the New Testament text, in spite of much ingenuity in an argument filled with a divine kindconsiderable amount of irrelevant material (pp. 10-25) was , is a plain piece of special pleading.”<ref>Metzger, Bruce M., The New World Translation of the Word"Christian Greek Scriptures, The Bible Translator 15/3 (July 1964), pp. 150-153.</ref>

[[Reachout Trust]] writer Tony Piper concludes it is not a "faithful translation of the Scriptures…", giving as examples Acts 2:42, 46 and 20:''Das Evangelium nach Johannes'' Jürgen Becker (translated from German)::"7, 11 and he objects that “the NWT translates it to read that the church simply shared meals together” rather than using the phrase “breaking of bread [...] to disguise the fact that the early church celebrated the Lord's Supper more than once a god was year.” <ref> Tony Piper, member of Reachout Trust examines the Logos"New World Translation http://www.reachouttrust.org/articles/jw/jwnwt.htm</ref>

=== Critical Reviews ===The ''New World Translation'' has been reviewed by numerous individuals and groups over the years with mixed resultsGreek scholar Dr. Those that object most Rijkel ten Kate notes in reference to the translation include those who hold deeply divergent theological viewpoints from Jehovah's Witnesses NWT that in rendering different Greek words (bre′phos, pai‧di′on, and tend pais) employed to be most critical of describe the religion. These include Drs. John Ankerberg and John Weldon who wrote that the "translation must not be trusted to accurately convey God's Word because successive stages of it's unrelenting biases in translation". This Jesus’ growth “that there is because of actually one Dutch Bible in which the translation's different use of the divine namethree Greek words bre′phos, [[Jehovah]] pai‧di′on, and pais is rightly taken into account,” after having previously reviewed other Dutch translations and concluded that “not one Dutch translation has rendered this adequately, that is to say, completely in both harmony with the Hebrew and Christian Greek scriptures (see Controversy section above)original text.”<ref>>The Watchtower, April 15, 1995</ref>

On Thomas Winter considers the other hand, Jason BeDuhn, associate professor Kingdom Interlinear Translation of religious studies at Northern Arizona University the Greek Scriptures (Flagstaff, AZpart of the NWT project)as “highly useful” toward mastery of biblical Greek.<ref>Thomas N. Winter, examined the ''The Review of New World Bible Translation Committee’s The Kingdom Interlinear Translation'' along with eight other translation. Although critical of some translation choices madethe Greek Scriptures, Classics and Religious Studies Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, April-May 1974: 376. “[S]ince [the professor noted ''The New World Kingdom Interlinear Translation'' as a "remarkably good" translation that is "better by far" and "consistently better" than some of the others considered. He concluded that Greek Scriptures] short-cuts the translation mechanical and distracting lexicon-thumbing while presenting an unretouched text, I think it is "one a legitimate and highly useful aid toward the mastery of koine (and classical) Greek. After examining a copy, I equipped several interested second-year Greek students with it as an auxiliary text. No assignments were made in it: the most accurate English translations students, combining their wish to learn Greek with a natural interest in the original of the New Testament currently available" and , dipped into it on their own. They read the "most accurate of Greek (I strongly recommended reading it aloud), picked up the translations compared"English more or less subliminally, and ended up improving their Greek. Where translators may feel pressure After learning the proper pronunciations, a motivated student could probably learn koine Greek from this source alone…. In sum, when a Witness comes to paraphrase or expand on what the Bible saysdoor, BeDuhn commented the classicist, Greek student, or Bible student alike would do well to bring him in and place an order.”</ref> Winter relates that ''The the translation "is thoroughly up-to-date and consistently accurate.” <ref>Thomas N. Winter, Review of New World Bible Translation Committee’s The Kingdom Interlinear Translation'' is different in "the greater accuracy of the NW as a literalGreek Scriptures, conservative translation Classics and Religious Studies Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department, University of the original expressions of the New Testament writers." Nebraska – Lincoln, April- ''Truth in TranslationMay 1974: Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament'' (2003)376</ref>

===A Case Study of Translation===One of the NWT's most controversial passages is John 1:Other translations reviewed include: 1. The ''King James Version''translation renders this verse: <blockquote>In the beginning was the Word, ''New International Version''and the Word was with God, and the ''English Standard Version'Word was God', ''New Revised Standard Version'', ''New American Standard Bible'', ''Amplified Bible'', ''Today's English Version'', ''Living Bible''.</blockquote><ref>http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%201%20;&version=9;</ref>

{{reflist|2}} ==Further information=====Online Edition===*Truth [http://www.watchtower.org/bible/index.htm New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures] - online edition available from Watchtower Society official web site. Also online in an increasing number of other languages: follow the language links from http://www.watchtower.org/ and see if there is a link to Online Bible from there, or if you know the Watchtower code of the language (usually the first letter) then place this before /bible, e.g. http://www.watchtower.org/f/bible for French ===Supportive===*Stafford, Greg: ''Jehovah's Witnesses Defended''. [ISBN 0-9659814-7-9] *[[Rolf Furuli|Furuli, Rolf]]: ''The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation: With a special look at the New World Translation of Jehovah's Witnesses'', 1999. [ISBN 0-9659814-9-5] *Byatt, Anthony and Flemings, Hal (editors): ''‘Your Word is Truth’, Essays in Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (1950, 1953)'', 2004. [ISBN 0-9506212-6-9]*[http://jehovah.to/exe/translation/coptic.pdf The Coptic Evidence] ===Neutral===*[[Jason BeDuhn|BeDuhn, Jason]]: ''Truth in Translation - Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New Testament (©2003, University Press '' [ISBN 0-7618-2556-8]*[http://www.lectio.unibe.ch/05_2/troyer_names_of_god.htm The Names of America)God. Their Pronunciation and Their Translation. A Digital Tour of Some of the Main Witnesses.]*[http://www.tetragrammaton.org/ Tetragrammaton in the New Testament]*[http://rosetta.reltech.org/Ebind/docs/TC/TBT/1964/03/TBT196403.html?num=150&num1=&x=0&y=0 Review by Bruce Metzger (1963) on the ''New World Translation of the Holy Greek Scriptures (©1984'']. ===Critical===* Robert Countess: ''Jehovah's Witnesses' New Testament: A Critical Analysis'',1963[ISBN 0-87552-210-6]* [http://www.evangelicalbible.com/jw.htm NWT and the Deity of Christ - A table showing NWT changes to key Christological passages, Watch Tower written from an evangelical perspective]* [http://www.catholicresponse.org/articles/Hiding_The_Divine_Name.pdf Article critical of the ''Kingdom Interlinear Translation'']{{English Bible translation navbox}} [[Category:1961 books]][[Category:Bible versions and Tract Society)translations]][[Category:Jehovah's Witnesses literature]]

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