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''Main article: [[Causes of World War I]]''
''Main article: [[Causes of World War I]]''
On June 28, 1914, teenage [[Serbia|Serbian]] [[nationalism|nationalist]] [[Gavrilo Princip]] assassinated the [[Austrian]] [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] and his wife Sophie in [[Sarajevo]]. This action led to Austria-[[Hungary]] giving an ultimatum <ref>http://teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us/mmontgomery/world_history/world_war1/ultimatum.htm</ref> to Serbia. Serbia agreed to comply with all of the demands, except the ones which violated their sovereignty, and, due to a number of military alliances throughout [[Europe]], a full scale war was soon in progress. Serbia requested support from its ally, [[Russia]], which mobilized its military forces. This mobilization led to [[Germany]] invading both Russia and [[France]] (which had an existing alliance with Russia), which was a part of Germany's [[Schlieffen Plan]] of war on two fronts. En route to France, German forces passed through neutral [[Belgium]]. The violation of this [[neutrality]] led [[Britain]] to declare war on Germany. [[Italy]] had an alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, but refused to join the war.
On June 28, 1914, a team of Serbian nationalist assassins killed the [[Austrian]] [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] and his wife Sophie in [[Sarajevo]]. This action led to Austria-Hungary giving an ultimatum <ref>http://teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us/mmontgomery/world_history/world_war1/ultimatum.htm</ref> to Serbia. Serbia agreed to comply with all of the demands, except the ones which violated their sovereignty, and, due to a number of military alliances throughout Europe, a full scale war was soon in progress. Serbia requested support from its ally, [[Russia]], which mobilized its military forces. This mobilization led to [[Germany]] invading both Russia and [[France]] (which had an existing alliance with Russia), which was a part of Germany's [[Schlieffen Plan]] of war on two fronts. En route to France, German forces passed through neutral [[Belgium]]. The violation of this [[neutrality]] led [[Britain]] to declare war on Germany. [[Italy]] had an alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, but refused to join the war.
Alternative theories cite the building of the Berlin-Baghdad railway and the problems it would have created for England. <ref>http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA138432</ref>
Alternative theories cite the building of the Berlin-Baghdad railway and the problems it would have created for England. <ref>http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA138432</ref>
=== The War Ends ===
=== The War Ends ===
In January 1918, Wilson proclained the [[Fourteen Points]], which an idealistic vision of world peace that strengthened the peace movement inside germany and Austria and promised ana alternative to the increasingly despised monarchies.
As the Americans and the Allies advanced toward Germany, the [[Ottoman Turks]] and [[Bulgarian]]s surrendered. There was a [[revolution]] in Austria-Hungary that overthrew its government, and Germany would not recognize that new government. [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] abdicated his throne in Germany on November 1918, and the Germans formed a new republic. Members of the German republic signed an armistice (agreement to stop fighting) on November 11, 1918. The "war to end all wars", was over.
As the Americans and the Allies advanced toward Germany, the [[Ottoman Turks]] and [[Bulgarian]]s surrendered. There was a [[revolution]] in Austria-Hungary that overthrew its government, and Germany would not recognize that new government. [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] abdicated his throne in Germany on November 1918, and the Germans formed a new republic. Members of the German republic signed an [[Armistice]] (agreement to stop fighting), which was tantamount to surrender. The Armistice took effect at 11:11 on November 11, 1918. The "war to end all wars", was over.
=== Aftermath ===
=== Aftermath ===
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==Further reading==
==Further reading ==
*''War By Time-Table: How the First World War Began'', A.J.P. Taylor, New York: American Heritage, 1969.
===Short popular histories===
*''1914 - 1918: The History of the First World War'', David L. Stevenson, Penguin Press, 2004
* ''American Heritage History of WWI''. (1964). heavily illustrated
* Barnett, Correlli. ''The Great War,'' (2003), 224pp, illustrated
* Carver, Michael, Field Marshal Sir. ''War Lords''. (1976) Includes brief bios of Hamilton, Foch, Haig, von Falkenhayn
* Cawood, Ian, and David Mckinnon-Bell. ''The First World War.'' (2001), 174pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109316843 online edition]
* Cruttwell, C. R. M. F. ''A History of the Great War, 1914-1918'' (1934), general military history
* Esposito, Vincent J. ''The West Point Atlas of American Wars: 1900-1918'' (1997) despite the title covers entire war; [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/great%20war/great%20war%20index.htm online maps from this atlas]
* Evans, David. ''Teach yourself— the First World War''. (2004)
* Falls, Cyril. ''The Great War'' (1960), general military history
* Gilbert, Martin. ''Atlas of World War I'' (1995), very clear schematic maps
* Gilbert, Martin. ''The Routledge Atlas of the First World War: The Complete History'' (2002)
* Henig, Ruth ''The Origins of the First World War'' (2002) 76pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103326769 online edition]
* Hurley, Alfred F. ''Billy Mitchell, Crusader for Air Power'' (1975)
* Jeffers, H. Paul. ''Ace of Aces: The Life of Captain Eddie Rickenbacker'' (2003). 352 pgs.
* Keegan, John. ''An Illustrated History of the First World War'' (1999). by a leading British scholar [http://www.amazon.com/Illustrated-History-First-World-War/dp/B0001FZGNU/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205528338&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Livesey, Anthony, and H. P. Willmott. ''The Historical Atlas of World War I'' (1994)
* Lyons, Michael J. ''World War I: A Short History'' (2nd Edition), 1999.
* Neiberg, Michael S. ''Fighting the Great War: A Global History.'' (2005). 416 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Fighting-Great-War-Global-History/dp/0674022513/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201531862&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pope, Stephen and Wheal, Elizabeth-Anne, eds. ''The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War'' (1995)
* Robbins, Keith. ''The First World War'' (1993), very short overview [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14754381 online edition]
* Stevenson, David L. ''1914 - 1918: The History of the First World War'', 2004
* Stone, Norman. ''World War One: A Short History'' (2008), 208pp
* Stokesbury, James L. '' A Short History of World War I'' (1981) [http://www.amazon.com/Short-History-World-War-I/dp/0688001297/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205527619&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
* Strachan, Hew, ed. ''The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War'' (2001) [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Illustrated-History-First-World/dp/0192893254/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205528053&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Strachan, Hew. ''The First World War'' (2004): a 385pp version of his multivolume history [http://www.amazon.com/First-World-War-Hew-Strachan/dp/B000F4LMQC/ref=pd_bbs_sr_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205528053&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Taylor, A. J. P. ''The First World War: An Illustrated History'', (1963) [http://www.amazon.com/First-World-War-J-P-Taylor/dp/0399502602/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205537432&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Toland, John. ''No Man's Land. 1918 - The Last Year of the Great War'' (1980)
* Tuchman, Barbara. ''The Guns of August'', best-seller and Pulitzer Prize book tells of the opening diplomatic and military manoeuvres in August 1914 [http://www.amazon.com/Guns-August-Barbara-W-Tuchman/dp/0345476093/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205537159&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Tucker, Spencer. ''The Great War 1914-18'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Great-War-1914-18-Spencer-Tucker/dp/0253211719/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205528478&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]
* Willmott, H. P. ''World War I'' (2007) 296pp
* Winter, J. M. ''The Experience of World War I'' (2nd ed 2005), topical essays; well illustrated; strongest on behind-the-lines
===Advanded books===
* Bakeless, John Edwin. ''The Economic Causes of Modern War: A Study of the Period: 1878-1918'' (1919) [http://books.google.com/books?id=5wgAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=toc&dq=intitle:war+date:1919-1921&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=LZcIMpEGmzqwkIldzuhfH5Muveg#PPR3,M1 online edition]
* Fay, Sidney. ''The Origins of the World War'' (1930); classic scholarly study; argues every nation shared guilt for starting the war [http://yamaguchy.netfirms.com/7897401/fay/origin_index.html online edition]
* Ferguson, Niall ''The Pity of War'' (1999), 563pp; much on death and casualties [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100769957 online edition]
* Gray, Edwyn A. ''The U-Boat War, 1914-1918'' (1994)
* Halpern, Paul G. ''A Naval History of World War I''(1995)
* Herwig, Holger H. ''The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918'' (1996)
* [http://www.stratnet.ucalgary.ca/publications/pdf/herwig_operation-michael_nov2001.pdf Herwig, Holger H. ''Operation Michael: The “Last Card”'' 2001], German spring offensive in 1918
* Haber, L. F. ''The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War'' (1986); the standard history
* Higham, Robin and Dennis E. Showalter, eds. ''Researching World War I: A Handbook'' (2003), 475pp; highly detailed historiography, stressing military themes; annotates over 1000 books; [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107066504 online edition]
* Horne, Alistair. ''The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916'' (2nd ed 1994), very well written narrative
* Joll, James. ''The Origins of the First World War''. (3rd ed 2006).
* Kennett, Lee. ''First Air War, 1914-1918'' (1999). 288 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/First-Air-War-1914-1918/dp/0684871203/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1205528300&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Miller, Steven E. (ed.) ''Military Strategy and the Origins of the First World War: an International Security Reader'', (1985)
* Passingham, Ian. ''All the Kaiser's Men: The Life & Death of the German Army on the Western Front 1914-1918,'' (2nd ed 2006) 288pp
* Sheldon, Jack. ''German Army on the Somme, 1914-1916,'' (2005) 352pp
* Showalter, Dennis. ''Tannenberg: Clash of Empires,'' 1991
* Stevenson, David. ''The First World War and International Politics'' (2005)
* Stone, Norman. ''The Eastern Front, 1914–1917.'' 1975.
* Strachan, Hew. ''The First World War: Volume I: To Arms'' (2004): the major scholarly synthesis. Thorough coverage of 1914 in 1248 pp [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0199261911/ref=sib_dp_bod_ex/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S00M#reader-link excerpt online]
* Tooley, Hunt. ''The Western Front: Battle Ground and Home Front in the First World War.'' (2003), 305pp, social history, does not emphasize battles
* Travers, Tim. ''How the War Was Won: Command and Technology in the British Army on the Western Front, 1917-1918,''. London:Routledge (1992) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103449849 online edition]
* Tuchman, Barbara W. ''The Zimmermann Telegram'' (1966)
* Tucker, Spencer, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History'' (5 vol 2005); the most detailed reference source; articles by specialists cover all aspects of the war
* Tucker, Spencer, ed. ''European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia'' (1999)
* Tucker, Spencer C. ''Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact.'' ABC-CLIO, 2004. 379 pp.
===USA and Canada===
* Bassett, John Spencer. ''Our War with Germany: A History'' (1919) [http://books.google.com/books?id=76UTAAAAIAAJ&printsec=toc&dq=intitle:war+date:1919-1921&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=4Vx3GGygya6F24ozaNJyLzMI694#PPP10,M1 online edition]
* Chambers, John W., II. ''To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America'' (1987)
* Coffman, Edward M. ''The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I'' (1998) [http://books.google.com/books?id=px_1JGtbeIAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=COFFMAN+The+War+to+End+All+Wars:&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=0RdYSJKmKJyMjAG04JWFDA&sig=s-w6Np6drA_a-MzUxR0UnsQcORc excerpt and text search]
* Kennedy, David M. ''Over Here: The First World War and American Society'' (1979) [http://www.amazon.com/Over-Here-First-American-Society/dp/0195173996 excerpt and text search]
* May, Ernest R. ''The World War and American isolation, 1914-1917'' (1959[http://hdl.handle.net.proxy.cc.uic.edu/2027/heb.00283 online at ACLS e-books]
* Morton, Desmond, and Jack Granatstein. ''Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War 1914-1919'' (1989)
* Scott, Emmett Jay. ''Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War'' (1919) 511 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=obUHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA10&dq=intitle:world+intitle:war+date:1919-2007&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition]
[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24640205 online edition]
* Venzon, Anne ed. ''The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia'' (1995)
* Wilson, Dale E. ''Treat'Em Rough!: The Birth of American Armor, 1917-20'' (1989)
* Zieger, Robert H. ''America's Great War: World War I and the American Experience.'' 2000. 272 pp.
===Online secondary and primary sources===
* [http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/military.html#J. ''Web Sources for Military History'' by Richard Jensen]
* [http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/ WWI Document Archive], valuable collection
* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ww1.htm diplomatic primary documents, from Mt. Holyoke College]
====notes====
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