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The [[Commonwealth]] of Australia is a [[country]]-[[continent]] with its west coast on the [[Indian Ocean]], east coast on the [[Pacific Ocean]] facing [[New Zealand]], southern coast on the [[Southern Ocean]] facing [[Antarctica]], and northern coast bordering [[Indonesia]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]. Australia is considered geographically as part of [[Oceania]], but has been establishing its place politically and commercially in [[South East Asia]].  
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The [[Commonwealth]] of Australia is an independent nation that occupies the continent of Australia, with its west coast on the [[Indian Ocean]], east coast on the [[Pacific Ocean]] facing [[New Zealand]], southern coast on the [[Southern Ocean]] facing [[Antarctica]], and northern coast bordering [[Indonesia]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]. Australia is considered geographically as part of [[Oceania]], but has been establishing its place politically and commercially in [[South East Asia]].  
    
Australia is the only country to occupy an entire continent<ref>This refers just to the Australian mainland.  Some authorities now include [[Papua New Guinea]], [[New Zealand]], and various other [[Pacific Ocean]] islands in the continent of "Oceania".  See [http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/au.htm WorldAtlas.com].</ref>, the smallest of the planet's seven continents.<ref>Some people count six, combining North and South America or Europe and Asia.  See [http://worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm WorldAtlas.com].</ref>
 
Australia is the only country to occupy an entire continent<ref>This refers just to the Australian mainland.  Some authorities now include [[Papua New Guinea]], [[New Zealand]], and various other [[Pacific Ocean]] islands in the continent of "Oceania".  See [http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/au.htm WorldAtlas.com].</ref>, the smallest of the planet's seven continents.<ref>Some people count six, combining North and South America or Europe and Asia.  See [http://worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm WorldAtlas.com].</ref>
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Australia has a universal health scheme and significant subsidies on most prescription medications.
 
Australia has a universal health scheme and significant subsidies on most prescription medications.
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==Bibliography==
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===References===
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* Bambrick, Susan ed. ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Australia'' (1994)
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* Davison, Graeme, John Hirst, and Stuart Macintyre, eds. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian History'' (2001) online at many academic libraries; also [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Companion-Australian-History/dp/019551503X/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209696680&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]
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* O'Shane, Pat  et al. ''Australia: The Complete Encyclopedia'' (2001)
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* Shaw, John, ed. ''Collins Australian Encyclopedia'' (1984)
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* Serle. Percival, ed. ''Dictionary of Australian Biography'' (1949)[http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/00-dict-biogIndex.html online edition]
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* Vaisutis, Justine et al. ''Lonely Planet Sydney & New South Wales'' (2007)  [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Sydney-South-Wales/dp/174104541X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193540037&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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===Economics===
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* Kelly, Paul. ''The End of Certainty: Power, Politics and Business in Australia,'' Allen & Unwin, 1994,
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* McLean, Ian W. "Consumer Prices and Expenditure Patterns in Australia 1850-1914." ''Australian Economic History Review''(1999) 39(1): 1-28; includes a consumer price index (CPI) for the period 1850 to 1914.  Issn: 0004-8992 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]
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* Moran, Anthony. ''Australia: Nation, Belonging, and Globalization'' Routledge, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108858937 online edition]
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===Environment and Geography===
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*  Appleton, Richard, and Barbara Appleton. ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Australian Places'' (1993)
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* Dovers, Stephen. ''Australian Environmental History: Essays & Cases'' (1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Australian-Environmental-History-Essays-Cases/dp/0195534824/ref=sr_1_8/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193540375&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
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* Garden, Don.  ''Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific: An Environmental Hisory.'' ABC-CLIO, 2005. 398 pp. 
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* Hutton, Drew, and Libby Connors. ''History of the Australian Environment Movement'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/History-Australian-Environment-Movement-Hutton/dp/052145686X/ref=sr_1_4/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193540375&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
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* Lines, William. ''Taming the Great South Land: A History of the Conquest of Nature in Australia'' (1992)
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===History===
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* Alomes, Stephen. ''A Nation at Last? The Changing Character of Australian Nationalism'' (1988)
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* Atkinson, Alan.  ''The Europeans in Australia: A History. Vol. 2: Democracy.'' Oxford U. Pr., 2005. 440 pp. 
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*  Barker, Anthony. ''What Happened When: A Chronology of Australia from 1788.'' Allen & Unwin. 2000. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108433410 online edition]
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* Basset, Jan. ''The Oxford Illustrated Dictionary of Australian History'' (1998) 
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* Bolton, Geoffrey. ''The Oxford History of Australia: Volume 5: 1942-1995. The Middle Way'' (2005)
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* Clark, Manning. ''A History of Australia'' 6 vol (Melbourne University Press, 1962, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1981, and 1987)
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* Clarke, Frank G.  ''The History of Australia'' 2002. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101344125 online edition]
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* Crowley; F. K. ''Australia's Western Third: A History of Western Australia from the First Settlements to Modern Times'' 1960 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27914066 online edition]
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* Davison, Graeme, John Hirst, and Stuart Macintyre, eds. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian History'' (2001) online at many academic libraries; also [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Companion-Australian-History/dp/019551503X/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209696680&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]
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*  Day, Alan.  ''Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of Australia.'' Scarecrow, 2003. 321 pp. 
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*  Day, David. ''Claiming a Continent: A New History of Australia'' (2001);
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*  Day, David. ''Reluctant Nation: Australia and the Allied Defeat of Japan 1942-45'' (1992),
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*  Goodall, Heather. ''Invasion to Embassy: Land in Aboriginal Politics in New South Wales, 1770–1972'' (Allen&Unwin, 1996)
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*  Davison, Graeme, John Hirst, and Stuart Macintyre, eds. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian History,'' (2001) [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Companion-Australian-History/dp/019551503X/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193539631&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
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* Edwards, John. ''Curtin's Gift: Reinterpreting Australia's Greatest Prime Minister,'' (2005) [http://www.questia.com/read/108661368 online edition]
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* Hearn, Mark, Harry Knowles, and Ian Cambridge. ''One Big Union: A History of the Australian Workers Union 1886-1994''  (1998)
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* Hughes, Robert. ''The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia’s Founding'' (1988). [http://www.amazon.com/Fatal-Shore-Robert-Hughes/dp/0099448548/ref=pd_bbs_3/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193540375&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
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* Kemp, Rod, and Marion Stanton, eds. ''Speaking for Australia: Parliamentary Speeches That Shaped Our Nation'' Allen & Unwin, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=110168653 online edition]
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* Kingston, Beverley. ''The Oxford History of Australia: Volume 3: 1860-1900 Glad, Confident Morning'' (1993)
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* Kociumbas, Jan. ''The Oxford History of Australia: Volume 2: 1770-1860 Possessions'' (1995)
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* Lowe, David. ''Menzies and the 'Great World Struggle': Australia's Cold War 1948-54''  (1999) [http://www.questia.com/read/98863631 online edition]
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* Macintyre, Stuart. ''The Oxford History of Australia: Volume 4: 1901-42, the Succeeding Age'' (1993)
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* Macintyre, Stuart. ''A Concise History of Australia'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Australia-Cambridge-Histories/dp/0521601010/ref=pd_bbs_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193540375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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* McLachlan, Noel. ''Waiting for the Revolution: A History of Australian Nationalism'' (1989)
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* Martin, A. W. ''Robert Menzies: A Life'' (2 vol 1993-99), online at ACLS e-books
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* Reynolds, Henry. ''The Other Side of the Frontier: Aboriginal Resistance to the European Invasion of Australia'' (1990).
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* Schreuder, Deryck, and Stuart Ward, eds. ''Australia's Empire''  (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series) (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Australias-Empire-History-British-Companion/dp/0199273731/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1226788019&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
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* Serle. Percival, ed. ''Dictionary of Australian Biography'' (1949)[http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/00-dict-biogIndex.html online edition]
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* Taylor, Peter. ''The Atlas of Australian History'' (1991)
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*  Ward, Smart. ''Australia and the British Embrace: The Demise of the Imperial Ideal'' (2001)
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===Historiography===
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* Attwood, Bain, and Fiona Magowan. ''Telling Stories: Indigenous History and Memory in Australia and New Zealand'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/read/101440289 online edition]
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* Davison, Graeme. ''The Use and Abuse of Australian History'' (2000) [http://www.questia.com/read/102362225 online edition]
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* McLean, David. "Australia in the Cold War: A Historiographical Review", ''The International History Review,'' Vol. 23, 2 (June 2001)
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* McQueen, Humphrey. ''Gallipoli to Petrov: Arguing with Australian History'' (1984),
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* Meaney, Neville. "Britishness and Australian Identity: The Problem of Nationalism in Australian History and Historiography", ''Australian Historical Studies,'' Vol. 32, 116 (April 2001),
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* Nugent, Maria. ''Botany Bay: Where Histories Meet'' (2005) [http://www.questia.com/read/109729205 online edition]
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===International Relations and Military===
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* Bridge, Carl ed., ''Munich to Vietnam: Australia's Relations with Britain and the United States since the 1930s,'' Melbourne University Press 1991
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* Dennis, Peter, Jeffrey Grey, Ewan Morris, and Robin Prior. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History.'' 1996)
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* Firth, Stewart. ''Australia in International Politics: An Introduction to Australian Foreign Policy'' (2005) [http://www.questia.com/read/108662470 online edition]
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*  Grant, Ian. ''A Dictionary of Australian Military History - from Colonial Times to the Gulf War'' (1992)
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* Lee, David. ''Search for Security: The Political Economy of Australia's Postwar Foreign and Defence Policy'' (1995)
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* McLean, David. "From British Colony to American Satellite? Australia and the USA during the Cold War," ''Australian Journal of Politics & History"  (2006) 52 (1), 64–79. Rejects satellite model. [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2006.00408a.x online at Blackwell-Synergy]
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* McLean, David. "Australia in the Cold War: a Historiographical Review." ''International History Review'' (2001) 23(2): 299-321. Issn: 0707-5332
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* Murphy, John. ''Harvest of Fear: A History of Australia's Vietnam War'' (1993)
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* Watt, Alan. ''The Evolution of Australian Foreign Policy 1938–1965,'' Cambridge University Press, 1967
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===Culture and society===
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* Bebbington, Warren. ''A Dictionary of Australian Music'' (1999) 
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* Bennett, Bruce et al. ''The Oxford Literary History of Australia'' (1999) 
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* Bennett, Tony, and David Carter. ''Culture in Australia: Policies, Publics and Programs'' (2001) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Australia-Reshaping-Australian-Institutions/dp/0521004039/ref=sr_1_47/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193533775&sr=8-47 excerpt and text search]
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* Breward, Ian.  ''A History of the Churches in Australasia.'' (2002). 474 pp. 
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* Carey, Hilary. ''Believing in Australia: A Cultural History of Religions'' (1996)
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* Horton, David. ''The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society and Culture'' (2001)
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*  Huggan Graham. ''Postcolonialism, Racism, Transnationalism'' (Oxford Studies in Postcolonial Literatures) (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Australian-Literature-Postcolonialism-Transnationalism-Postcolonial/dp/0199274622/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209696680&sr=8-10 excerpt and text search]
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* Jupp, James, ed. ''The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins'' (2nd ed. 2002) 960pp [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0521807891/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
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* Jupp, James. ''The English in Australia'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0521542952/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
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* Kleinert, Sylvia. and Margo Neale. ''The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture'' (2001)
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* Leitner, Gerhard. ''Australia's Many Voices: Australian English--the National Language'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/3110181940/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
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* Love, J.W. ed. ''Australia and the Pacific Islands'' (Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 9) (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Australia-Pacific-Islands-Garland-Encyclopedia/dp/0824060385/ref=sr_1_14/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193533487&sr=8-14 excerpt and text search]
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* McAllister, Ian, Steve Dowrick, Riaz Hassan; ''The Cambridge Handbook of the Social Sciences in Australia'' Cambridge University Press, 2003 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108131347 online edition]
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* McCulloch, Alan. ''Encyclopedia of Australian Art'' 2 vol (1984)
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* McDonald, John.  ''Federation: Australian Art and Society, 1901-2001.  Natl. Gallery of Australia, 2002. 264 pp. 
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* Moran, Albert. ''Historical Dictionary of Australian Radio and Television'' (2007) 
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* Nile, Richard.  ''The Making of the Australian Literary Imagination.'' (2002). 315 pp. 
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* Rickard, John, ''Australia: A Cultural History'' (1988)
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*  Webby, Elizabeth. ''The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Companion-Australian-Literature-Companions/dp/0521658438/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209696680&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
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* Wilde, William H. et al eds. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature'' (1995) online at [[OUP]] [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Companion-Australian-Literature/dp/019553381X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209696680&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
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* ''The Oxford Literary History of Australia.''
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* Samuels, Selina, ed.  ''Australian Writers, 1915-50.'' (2002). 510 pp.
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* Sayers, Andrew. ''Australian Art'' (2001) [http://www.amazon.com/Australian-Art-Oxford-History/dp/0192842145/ref=sr_1_7/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193540375&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search] 
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* Webby, Elizabeth, ed. ''The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature'' (2006)
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* Wannan, Bill. ''A Dictionary of Australian Folklore: Lore, Legends, Myths and Traditions'' (1988)
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===Primary sources===
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* [http://samizdat.stores.yahoo.net/auslitandhis.html Australia: Literature and History 136 e-books]
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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