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| | == The Roaring 20's == | | == The Roaring 20's == |
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| − | Warren Harding was a conservative president who nominated 4 conservative Justices to the Supreme Court, some of whom later invalidated key parts of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)'s New Deal. Harding also supported Prohibition, which was a conservative Christian women's movement. Harding opposed the League of Nations, which was a form of "world government" that conservatives today still dislike. Harding opposed immigration, and with his support the tightest restrictions on immigration in the nation's history passed in 1924. | + | Warren Harding was a conservative president who nominated 4 conservative Justices to the Supreme Court, some of whom later invalidated key parts of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)'s New Deal. Harding also supported Prohibition, which was a conservative Christian women's movement. Harding opposed the League of Nations, which was a form of "world government" that conservatives today still dislike. Harding opposed immigration, and with his support of the tightest restrictions on immigration in the nation's history. |
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| | + | The Harding Administration was accused of scandals and corruption, such as the Teapot Dome Scandal<explain> |
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| | + | Federal Highway Act 1921: provides $75M to states in matching funds for state roads |
| | + | Washington Naval Conference "1921-22: limited arms in navies worldwide, delayed war in Pacific, and temporarily protect China against Japan" |
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| | + | Fordney McCumber Act "1922: increased tariffs to very high levels, creating hardship for Europe after WW I" |
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| | Just as the nation became very prosperous under the conservative president James Monroe, the 1920s (the "Roaring 20s") became a very prosperous time under Harding's initial leadership. But unlike James Monroe, Harding did not live to enjoy it. He died from a health problem while in office, leaving his Vice President (and former Massachusetts Governor) Calvin Coolidge to take over. Coolidge received the news that he was suddenly president at 2:30 am on Aug. 3, 1923. By the light of a kerosene lamp, his father (a notary public) administered the oath of office while Coolidge placed his hand on the family Bible. | | Just as the nation became very prosperous under the conservative president James Monroe, the 1920s (the "Roaring 20s") became a very prosperous time under Harding's initial leadership. But unlike James Monroe, Harding did not live to enjoy it. He died from a health problem while in office, leaving his Vice President (and former Massachusetts Governor) Calvin Coolidge to take over. Coolidge received the news that he was suddenly president at 2:30 am on Aug. 3, 1923. By the light of a kerosene lamp, his father (a notary public) administered the oath of office while Coolidge placed his hand on the family Bible. |
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| | Coolidge was a character who became famous for saying and doing nothing. He was neither approve of regulations to control the economic boom, nor agree to funding for farmers to help their depressed conditions. His first message to Congress in late 1923 was to limit aid to farmers, isolate the nation in foreign policy, and cut taxes. His popularity increased and he won reelection with 54% of the vote, taking credit for "Coolidge prosperity." | | Coolidge was a character who became famous for saying and doing nothing. He was neither approve of regulations to control the economic boom, nor agree to funding for farmers to help their depressed conditions. His first message to Congress in late 1923 was to limit aid to farmers, isolate the nation in foreign policy, and cut taxes. His popularity increased and he won reelection with 54% of the vote, taking credit for "Coolidge prosperity." |
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| − | He became so famous for is laconic style of few words, and a young woman a social event whispered to Coolidge's wife that the woman could cause Coolidge to say at least three words. Coolidge must have overheard the whisper, because he then said, "You lose." In 1928, Coolidge lived up to his reputation by giving the following statement to an anxious public, "I do not choose to run for President in 1928." That was it. | + | He became so famous for is laconic style of few words, and a young woman a social event whispered to Coolidge's wife that the woman could cause Coolidge to say at least three words. Coolidge must have overheard the whisper, because he then said, "You lose." In 1928, Coolidge lived up to his reputation by giving the following statement to an anxious public, "I do not choose to run for President in 1928." That was it. In the 1980s conservative President Ronald Reagan infuriated liberals by finding a portrait of Coolidge in the White House attic and prominently displaying it along with Washington and famous presidents. |
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| − | But during the Harding and Coolidge Administrations, the rest of the nation was saying and doing a great deal. Great American authors developed who wrote tragedies about wealth (by F. Scott Fitzgerald), business and religion (by Sinclair Lewis, and war (by Ernest Hemingway). | + | But during the Harding and Coolidge Administrations, the rest of the nation was saying and doing a great deal. Great American authors developed who wrote tragedies about wealth (by F. Scott Fitzgerald), business and religion (by Sinclair Lewis, and war (by Ernest Hemingway). William Faulkner became one of America's most acclaimed novelists by writing (1929-1932) the books "Sound & Fury," "As I Lay Dying," "Sanctuary," and "Light in August." Liberals praised Faulkner because he described the Christian South as poor and racist. Eugene O'Neill was a playwright who became the Second American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for in 1936; he was praised for bringing psychological realism to his plays. |
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| | + | Americans invented the music of jazz, and "Tin Pan Alley" was a portion of New York City known for its music culture. There was a Harlem Renaissance that became the center of black culture, and a New Negro Movement emphasized learning and pride for African Americans. |
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| | + | The first commercial radio broadcast was in 1920. The "talking" movies came in 1927, with the first successful one being "The Jazz Singer." |
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| − | Americans invented the music of jazz, and "Tin Pan Alley" was a portion of New York City known for its music culture.
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| − | William Faulkner "1929-32: author of ""Sound & Fury"", ""As I Lay Dying"", ""Sanctuary"", ""Light in August""; described South as poor, racist"
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| − | Eugene O'Neill "playwright, 2nd Am. to win Nobel Prize for Lit. (1936); psychological realism in plays"
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| − | Harlem Renaissance "center of black culture, intellectualism flourished, called New Negro Movement"
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| | Sacco and Vanzetti "1920: committed murder during a bank robbery; tried as Italian anarchists, executed in 1927 despite political support" | | Sacco and Vanzetti "1920: committed murder during a bank robbery; tried as Italian anarchists, executed in 1927 despite political support" |
| − | "radio, television" "1920 was first commercial radio broadcast; 1927 was first highly successful talking movie (""The Jazz Singer"")"
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| − | Warren G. Harding "Repub. Pres. 1921-23, conservative but plagued with scandals such as Teapot Dome Scandal"
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| − | Federal Highway Act 1921: provides $75M to states in matching funds for state roads
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| − | Washington Naval Conference "1921-22: limited arms in navies worldwide, delayed war in Pacific, and temporarily protect China against Japan"
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| − | Immigration 1890-1917 "mostly from central and southern Europe, also many from Eastern Europe; opposition to this increased"
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| − | Emergency Quota Act "1921: limited immigrants to 3%/yr of nationality living in US in 1910, favoring older Anglo-Saxon& N Europe"
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| − | Fordney McCumber Act "1922: increased tariffs to very high levels, creating hardship for Europe after WW I"
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| − | Calvin Coolidge "Repub. Pres. 1923-28: did little but embraced laissez-faire, cleaned up corruption, did not run again"
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| | Coolidge's view on strikes "When Mass. governor: ""There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime.""" | | Coolidge's view on strikes "When Mass. governor: ""There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime.""" |
| | National Origins Act "1924: restricted immigrants from southern and central Europe and Asia, to stop anarchists and Bolsheviks" | | National Origins Act "1924: restricted immigrants from southern and central Europe and Asia, to stop anarchists and Bolsheviks" |