Changes

The sentiments of Copperheads attracted Southerners who had settled north of the Ohio River, social conservatives, poor subsistence farmers, and foes of railroads, banks and monopolies.  Copperheads did well in local and state elections in 1862, especially in New York, and won majorities in the legislatures of Illinois and Indiana.  Copperheads were most numerous in border areas, including southern parts of Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana (in Missouri, comparable groups were avowed Confederates). The Copperhead coalition included many Irish Catholics in eastern cities, mill towns and mining camps (especially in the Pennsylvania coal fields). They were also numerous in German American Catholic areas of the Midwest, especially Wisconsin.

The sentiments of Copperheads attracted Southerners who had settled north of the Ohio River, social conservatives, poor subsistence farmers, and foes of railroads, banks and monopolies.  Copperheads did well in local and state elections in 1862, especially in New York, and won majorities in the legislatures of Illinois and Indiana.  Copperheads were most numerous in border areas, including southern parts of Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana (in Missouri, comparable groups were avowed Confederates). The Copperhead coalition included many Irish Catholics in eastern cities, mill towns and mining camps (especially in the Pennsylvania coal fields). They were also numerous in German American Catholic areas of the Midwest, especially Wisconsin.

Historian Kenneth Stampp has captured the Copperhead spirit in his depiction of Congressman Daniel W. Voorhees of Indiana:<ref> [Stampp, p. 211 </ref>  

Historian Kenneth Stampp has captured the Copperhead spirit in his depiction of Congressman Daniel W. Voorhees of Indiana:<ref> Stampp, ''Indiana Politics during the Civil War'' (1949) p. 211 </ref>  

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There was an earthy quality in Voorhees, "the tall sycamore of the Wabash." On the stump his hot temper, passionate partisanship, and stirring eloquence made an irresistible appeal to the western Democracy. His bitter cries against protective tariffs and national banks, his intense race prejudice, his suspicion of the eastern Yankee, his devotion to personal liberty, his defense of the Constitution and state rights faithfully reflected the views of his constituents. Like other Jacksonian agrarians he resented the political and economic revolution then in progress. Voorhees idealized a way of life which he thought was being destroyed by the current rulers of his country.  His bold protests against these dangerous trends made him the idol of the Democracy of the Wabash Valley.  

There was an earthy quality in Voorhees, "the tall sycamore of the Wabash." On the stump his hot temper, passionate partisanship, and stirring eloquence made an irresistible appeal to the western Democracy. His bitter cries against protective tariffs and national banks, his intense race prejudice, his suspicion of the eastern Yankee, his devotion to personal liberty, his defense of the Constitution and state rights faithfully reflected the views of his constituents. Like other Jacksonian agrarians he resented the political and economic revolution then in progress. Voorhees idealized a way of life which he thought was being destroyed by the current rulers of his country.  His bold protests against these dangerous trends made him the idol of the Democracy of the Wabash Valley.  

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==

* Cowden, Joanna D. "The Politics of Dissent: Civil War Democrats in Connecticut," ''The New England Quarterly,'' Vol. 56, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 538-554 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/365104 in JSTOR]

* Cowden, Joanna D. "The Politics of Dissent: Civil War Democrats in Connecticut," ''The New England Quarterly,'' Vol. 56, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 538-554 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/365104 in JSTOR]

* Curry, Richard O. "Copperheadism and Continuity: the Anatomy of a Stereotype"  ''Journal of Negro History'' (1972) 57(1): 29-36. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2717071 in JSTOR] .

* Curry, Richard O. "Copperheadism and Continuity: the Anatomy of a Stereotype"  ''Journal of Negro History'' (1972) 57(1): 29-36. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2717071 in JSTOR] .

* Curry, Richard O. "The Union as it Was: a Critique of Recent  Interpretations of the 'Copperheads.'"  ''Civil War History'' 1967 13(1): 25-39. Online at JSTOR

* Curry, Richard O. "The Union as it Was: a Critique of Recent  Interpretations of the 'Copperheads.'"  ''Civil War History'' 1967 13(1): 25-39.  

* George, Joseph, Jr. "'Abraham Africanus I': President Lincoln Through the Eyes of a Copperhead Editor." ''Civil War History'' 1968 14(3): 226-239. Online via JSTOR.  

* George, Joseph, Jr. "'Abraham Africanus I': President Lincoln Through the Eyes of a Copperhead Editor." ''Civil War History'' 1968 14(3): 226-239.  

* Gorge, Joseph, Jr. "'A Catholic Family Newspaper' Views the Lincoln  Administration: John Mullaly's Copperhead Weekly." ''Civil War History'' 1978 24(2): 112-132.

* Gorge, Joseph, Jr. "'A Catholic Family Newspaper' Views the Lincoln  Administration: John Mullaly's Copperhead Weekly." ''Civil War History'' 1978 24(2): 112-132.

* Gray, Wood. ''The Hidden Civil War: The Story of the Copperheads'' (1942), emphasizes treasonous activity

* Gray, Wood. ''The Hidden Civil War: The Story of the Copperheads'' (1942), emphasizes treasonous activity

* Walsh, Justin E. "To Print the News and Raise Hell: Wilbur F. Storey's Chicago 'Times.'" ''Journalism Quarterly'' 1963 40(4): 497-510. online at JSTOR

* Walsh, Justin E. "To Print the News and Raise Hell: Wilbur F. Storey's Chicago 'Times.'" ''Journalism Quarterly'' 1963 40(4): 497-510. online at JSTOR

* Weber, Jennifer L. ''Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North'' (2006), the standard history [http://www.amazon.com/Copperheads-Rise-Lincolns-Opponents-North/dp/0195341244/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209351976&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

* Weber, Jennifer L. ''Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North'' (2006), the standard history [http://www.amazon.com/Copperheads-Rise-Lincolns-Opponents-North/dp/0195341244/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209351976&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

* Wertheim, Lewis J. "The Indianapolis Treason Trials, the Elections of

1864 and the Power of the Partisan Press." '' Indiana Magazine of History'' 1989 85(3): 236-250.

* Wertheim, Lewis J. "The Indianapolis Treason Trials, the Elections of 1864 and the Power of the Partisan Press." '' Indiana Magazine of History'' 1989 85(3): 236-250.

* Wubben, Hubert H. ''Civil War Iowa and the Copperhead Movement'' (1980).

* Wubben, Hubert H. ''Civil War Iowa and the Copperhead Movement'' (1980).