Changes

'''Coal mining''' is the process of digging coal out of the ground and bringing it to market,. [[Coal]] has been used for centuries for small-scale furnaces. Around 1800 it became the main energy source for the [[Industrial Revolution]]; after 1850, the expanding railway system of the industrializing countries, especially the U.S. and Britain, became the major users.  Britain developed the main techniques of underground mining from the late 18th century onward with further progress being driven by 19th and early 20th century progress. <ref> Freese. (2003) </ref> After 1850 smokeless [[anthracite coal]] ("hard coal") became the main source of heating in cities, and smoky [[bituminous coal]] ("soft coal" or "brown coal") became the main source of power for factories and railroads.  

'''Coal mining''' is the process of digging coal out of the ground and bringing it to market,. [[Coal]] has been used for centuries for small-scale furnaces. Around 1800 it became the main energy source for the [[Industrial Revolution]]; after 1850, the expanding railway system of the industrializing countries, especially the U.S. and Britain, became the major users.  Britain developed the main techniques of underground mining from the late 18th century onward with further progress being driven by 19th and early 20th century progress. <ref> Freese. (2003) </ref> After 1850 smokeless [[anthracite]] coal ("hard coal") became the main source of heating in cities, and smoky [[bituminous coal]] ("soft coal" or "brown coal") became the main source of power for factories and railroads.  

[[Image:Yallourn_open_cut.jpg|thumb|400px|Open-cut brown coal mine at Yallourn, Australia]]

[[Image:Yallourn_open_cut.jpg|thumb|400px|Open-cut brown coal mine at Yallourn, Australia]]

* Binder, Frederick Moore. ''Coal Age Empire: Pennsylvania Coal and Its Utilization to 1860''. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1974.

* Binder, Frederick Moore. ''Coal Age Empire: Pennsylvania Coal and Its Utilization to 1860''. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1974.

* Chandler, Alfred. "Anthracite Coal and the Beginnings of the ‘Industrial Revolution' in the United States," ''Business History Review'' 46 (1972): 141-181.

* Chandler, Alfred. "Anthracite Coal and the Beginnings of the ‘Industrial Revolution' in the United States," ''Business History Review'' 46 (1972): 141-181.

* Carmen., DiCiccio, ''Coal and Coke in Pennsylvania''. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1996

* Carmen., DiCiccio, ''Coal and Coke in Pennsylvania''. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1996

* Conley, Phil. ''History of West Virginia Coal Industry'' (Charleston: Education Foundation, 1960)

* Conley, Phil. ''History of West Virginia Coal Industry'' (Charleston: Education Foundation, 1960)