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Line 1: − #REDIRECT [[Alphabet#Hebrew_Alphabet]]+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
forked from Alphabet, needs work
The '''Hebrew alphabet''' ([[Hebrew]]: אלףבית) is a set of characters primarily used to write Hebrew and [[Yiddish]] languages. The present day alphabet is based on the old Aramaic alphabet, which in turn was based on the Phoenician alphabet. The term "alphabet", in the scientific sense, is something of a misnomer, as Hebrew script is more accurately described as an abjad; that is, a script with only consonants. Diacritics in the form of dots, called "niqqud" (נִקּוּד), are used to indicate vowels. However, the Hebrew script is not a pure abjad, either, and the characters alef, he, vav, and yod are sometimes (in the case of vav and yod, frequently) used to represent vowels. When consonantal letters are used in this fashion, they are called ''matres lectionis'' ([[Latin]]: "mothers of reading").
==Modern script==
The modern script as as follows:
{| style="background:lightsteelblue; color:black" align="center"
|-
!'''[[Aleph (Hebrew)|Alef]]'''||'''[[Beth (letter)|Bet/Vet]]'''||'''[[Gimel (letter)|Gimel]]'''||'''[[Daleth|Dalet]]'''||'''[[He (letter)|He]]'''||'''[[Waw (letter)|Vav]]'''||'''[[Zayin]]'''||'''[[Khet (letter)|Khet]]'''||'''[[Teth|Tet]]'''||'''[[Yodh|Yod]]'''||'''[[Kaph|Kaf/Khaf]]'''
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|א
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ב
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ג
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ד
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ה
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ו
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ז
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ח
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ט
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|י
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|כ
|-
|style="font-size:200%; text-align:center; font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman" height=40 valign=top|ך
|-
!'''[[Lamedh|Lamed]]'''||'''[[Mem]]'''||'''[[Nun (letter)|Nun]]'''||'''[[Samekh]]'''||'''[[Ayin]]'''||'''[[Pe (letter)|Pe/Fe]]'''||'''[[Tsade|Tsadi]]'''||'''[[Qoph|Kuf]]'''||'''[[Resh]]'''||'''[[Shin (letter)|Shin/Sin]]'''||'''[[Taw (letter)|Tav]]'''
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ל
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|מ
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|נ
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ס
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ע
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|פ
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|צ
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ק
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ר
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ש
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ת
|-
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ם
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ן
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ף
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ץ
|}
The script is written right to left, and has only one case. Five of the letters - kaf, mem, nun, pe and tsadi - have a different appearance when used as the last letter in a word. This is in conformity to the nature of vowels in the [[Semitic languages]] as a whole, where consonant clusters indicate the "class" of a word.
The modern script is not the original Hebrew alphabet, but a development of Aramaic. In some Hebrew literature, such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, the original Hebrew alphabet is used for the name of [[God]] - yod, he, vav, he, within a text employing the "modern" Aramaic derived script.{{fact}} The original Hebrew script is much closer to the pictographs from which the alphabetic script was derived.<ref>http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~rfradkin/phon-heb.html</ref> The alphabetic signs were stylized derivations of pictograms, and their names and phonetic values were derived from the common objects they were based on.
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Alphabets]]
[[Category:Judaism]]
==See also==
[[Alphabet]]